Red fluorescent AuNDs with conjugation of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) for extended-distance retro-nerve transporting and long-time neural tracing

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqi Zhao ◽  
Suraj Maharjan ◽  
Yuanqing Sun ◽  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Enfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Neural Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Subunit B

Neuroanatomical Basis for Acupuncture Point Pc8 in the Rat: Neural Tracing Study with Cholera Toxin Subunit B

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Cui ◽  
Li-Juan Ha ◽  
Xin-Long Zhu ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Fu-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Dorsal Horn ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Cuneate Nucleus ◽  
Spinal Dorsal ◽  
Neural Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Subunit B

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the innervations related to acupuncture point PC8 in rats using a neural tracing technique. Methods After 6 μL of 1% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) was injected into the site between the second and third metacarpal bone in rats, a corresponding site to acupuncture point PC8 in the human body, CTB labelling was examined with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord and brainstem. Results All CTB labelling appeared on the ipsilateral side of the injection. The labelled sensory neurons distributed from cervical (C)6 to thoracic (T)1 DRG, while the labelled motor neurons were located on the dorsolateral part of the spinal ventral horn ranging from the C6 to T1 segments. In addition, the transganglionically-labelled axonal terminals were found to be dense in the medial part of laminae 3–4 from C6 to the T1 spinal dorsal horn, as far as in the cuneate nucleus. Conclusions These results indicate that sensory and motor neurons associated with PC8 distribute in a distinct segmental pattern. The sensory information from PC8 could be transganglionically transported to the spinal dorsal horn and cuneate nucleus.

Use of cholera toxin subunit B to label neural projections to lower urinary tract organs v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R Keast ◽  
Peregrine B Osborne ◽  
John-Paul Fuller-Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Autonomic Neurons ◽  
Subunit B ◽  
Operative Monitoring ◽  
Lower Urinary

This protocol is used to visualise sensory and autonomic neurons innervating organs of the lower urinary tract in an experimental adult male or female rat. The protocol is performed under anesthesia and should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation, including methods of anesthesia, surgical environment, and post-operative monitoring and care.

scholarly journals Vestibular Deprivation and the Development of Dendrite Bundles in the Rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard C. Geisler ◽  
Jos IJkema-Paassen ◽  
Johan Westerga ◽  
Albert Gramsbergen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Postural Tasks ◽  
Dendrite Bundles ◽  
Subunit B

Motoneuronal pools of muscles that subserve postural tasks contain dendrite bundles. We investigated in the rat the development of these bundles in the pools of the long back muscles and related this to postural development. Motoneurons and their dendrites were retrogradely labeled by injecting unconjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the muscles of 54 normal rats from birth until adulthood and into 18 rats that were vestibularly deprived from the 5th postnatal day (P5). Dendrite bundles coursing in a transverse direction already occurred at P1. From P4, the first longitudinal bundles could be observed, but the major spurt in development occurred between P6 and P9, when conspicuous bundles developed coursing in rostro-caudal and tranverse directions. This is the age when rats become able to stand freely and walk a few steps. Around P20, the dendrite bundles attained their adult characteristics. Vestibular deprivation by plugging both semicircular horizontal canals did not lead to a retarded development of dendrite bundles nor to a changed morphology. This finding is remarkable, as behavioral analysis showed a delay in postural development by about 3 days. We hypothesize that dendrite bundles in the pools of the long back muscles function to synchronize the motoneurons in different spinal cord segments.

scholarly journals Hetero-multivalent binding of cholera toxin subunit B with glycolipid mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Krishnan ◽  
Akshi Singla ◽  
Chin-An Lee ◽  
Joshua D. Weatherston ◽  
Nolan C. Worstell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Multivalent Binding ◽  
Subunit B
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