scholarly journals Explicit and implicit timing in aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Droit-Volet ◽  
Fanny Lorandi ◽  
Jennifer T. Coull
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Timing

scholarly journals Emotion and Implicit Timing: The Arousal Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Droit-Volet ◽  
Mickaël Berthon
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Arousal Effect

scholarly journals Explicit and Implicit Timing of Short Time Intervals: Using the Same Method

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Soltanlou ◽  
Mohammad Ali Nazari ◽  
Parisa Vahidi ◽  
Parvin Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Explicit Timing ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Timing Task ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Up until now, there has been no study conducted in the field of time perception using very short intervals for a direct comparison between implicit and explicit timing tasks in order to uncover plausibly different underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare human time estimation during implicit and explicit timing tasks with short intervals and the same method. A total of 81 adults were divided into three groups and completed two tasks with one of three different intervals: 500, 1,000, and 2,000 ms. The results revealed an overestimation for all three intervals of the implicit timing task, while participants overestimated 500 ms but underestimated 1,000 and 2,000 ms intervals of the explicit timing task. Moreover, explicit time estimation was more precise than implicit time estimation. We observed the opposite pattern as compared to a few previous studies with long intervals: Short intervals were perceived longer in the implicit timing task as compared to the explicit timing task. We concluded that nontemporal contents represent passing time during the implicit timing task but unlike temporal dimension during the explicit timing task. Therefore, even the same method of measurement led to a different performance in implicit and explicit timing tasks.

scholarly journals Explicit and implicit timing in healthy and pathological aging: Disentangling the role of age and cognitive functioning in temporal processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Capizzi ◽  
Antonino Visalli ◽  
Alessio Faralli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Explicit Timing ◽  
Pathological Aging ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

This study aimed to test two common explanations for the general finding of age-related changes in temporal processing. The first one is that older adults have a real difficulty in processing temporal information as compared to younger adults. The second one is that older adults perform poorly on timing tasks because of their reduced cognitive functioning. These explanations have been mostly contrasted in explicit timing tasks, where participants are overtly informed about the temporal nature of the task. Fewer studies have instead focused on age-related differences in implicit timing tasks, where no explicit instructions to process time are provided. Moreover, the comparison of both explicit and implicit timing in older adults has been restricted to healthy aging only. Here, a large sample (N= 85) of healthy and pathological older participants completed explicit (time bisection) and implicit (foreperiod) timing tasks. Participants’ age and general cognitive functioning, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used as continuous variables to explain performance on explicit and implicit timing tasks. Results showed a clear dissociation between the effects of healthy cognitive aging and pathological cognitive decline on processing of explicit and implicit timing. Whereas age and cognitive decline similarly impaired the non-temporal cognitive processes (e.g., memory for and/or attention to durations) involved in explicit temporal judgements, processing of implicit timing survived normal age-related changes. These findings carry important theoretical and practical implications by providing the first experimental evidence that processing of implicit, but not explicit, timing is differentially affected in healthy and pathological aging.

Slow Brain Potential and Oscillatory EEG Manifestations of Impaired Temporal Preparation in Parkinson's Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2848-2857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Praamstra ◽  
Paul Pope
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Slow Brain Potentials

Performance in behavioral tasks is influenced by temporal expectations shaped by the temporal structure of the task. Such implicit temporal preparation is reflected in slow brain potentials and electroencephalographic oscillations and is attributed to interval timing mechanisms that probably depend on intact basal ganglia function. We investigated implicit timing in Parkinson's disease using a choice reaction task with two temporally regular stimulus presentation regimes, both including occasional deviant interstimulus intervals. Control subjects, but not patients, demonstrated temporal preparation in the form of an adjustment in time course of slow brain potentials to the duration of the interstimulus interval. However, in both groups, timing perturbations were accompanied by a slow brain potential amplitude drop at the time of expected stimulus occurrence, demonstrating intact representation of time in patients. In patients, oscillatory activity in beta and alpha bands showed attenuated preparatory desynchronization and reduced postmovement event-related synchronization, reflecting abnormal engagement and disengagement of sensorimotor and parietal areas. The results demonstrate profoundly deficient temporal preparation with preserved encoding of temporal information, a dissociation that may be explained by impaired dopamine-dependent motor learning. The results are discussed in the context of recent work on oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia.

Timing Matters? Learning of Complex Spatiotemporal Sequences in Left-hemisphere Stroke Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dovern ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
David C. Timpert ◽  
Jochen Saliger ◽  
Hans Karbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping

During rehabilitation after stroke motor sequence learning is of particular importance because considerable effort is devoted to (re)acquiring lost motor skills. Previous studies suggest that implicit motor sequence learning is preserved in stroke patients but were restricted to the spatial dimension, although the timing of single action components is as important as their spatial order. As the left parietal cortex is known to play a critical role in implicit timing and spatiotemporal integration, in this study we applied an adapted version of the SRT task designed to assess both spatial (different stimulus locations) and temporal (different response–stimulus intervals) aspects of motor learning to 24 right-handed patients with a single left-hemisphere (LH) stroke and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Implicit retrieval of sequence knowledge was tested both at Day 1 and after 24 hr (Day 2). Additionally, voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was used to investigate the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral effects. Although LH stroke patients showed a combined spatiotemporal learning effect that was comparable to that observed in controls, LH stroke patients did not show learning effects for the learning probes in which only one type of sequence information was maintained whereas the other one was randomized. Particularly on Day 2, patients showed significantly smaller learning scores for these two learning probes than controls. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analyses revealed for all learning probes that diminished learning scores on Day 2 were associated with lesions of the striatum. This might be attributed to its role in motor chunking and offline consolidation as group differences occurred on Day 2 only. The current results suggest that LH stroke patients rely on multimodal information (here: temporal and spatial information) when retrieving motor sequence knowledge and are very sensitive to any disruption of the learnt sequence information as they seem to build very rigid chunks preventing them from forming independent spatial and temporal sequence representations.

Implicit Timing

2014 ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Trevor B. Penney ◽  
Latha Vaitilingam ◽  
Siwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Timing

Research on Current Situations for Functional Classification of Timing

2016 ◽  
pp. 222-235
Author(s):  
Zhihan Xu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Yujie Li ◽  
Hongbin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Explicit Timing ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Timing Task ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Different Time Scales

Time is a fundamental variable that must be quantified by organisms to survive. Depending on the previous functional definition, timing can be divided into explicit timing and implicit timing. For an explicit timing task, the estimation of the stimulus duration is given in the form of perceptual discrimination (perceptual timing) or a motor response (motor timing). For implicit timing, participants can subconsciously (exogenous) or consciously (endogenous) establish temporal expectation. However, the ability of humans to explicitly or implicitly direct attention in time varies with age. Moreover, specific brain mechanisms have been suggested for temporal processing of different time scales (microseconds, hundreds of milliseconds, seconds to minutes, and circadian rhythms). Furthermore, there have been numerous research studies on the neural networks involved in explicit timing during the measurement of sub-second and supra-second intervals.

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