Does parenting mediate the effects of exposure to violence on violent behavior? An ecological–transactional model of community violence

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spano ◽  
Alexander T. Vazsonyi ◽  
John Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Ecological Transactional Model

The Impact of Exposure To Violence On a Trajectory of (Declining) Parental Monitoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spano ◽  
Craig Rivera ◽  
Alexander T. Vazsonyi ◽  
John M. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Ecological Transactional Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Five waves of longitudinal data collected from 348 African American youth living in extreme poverty are used to examine the impact of exposure to violence on parenting over time. Semiparametric group-based modeling is used to identify trajectories of parental monitoring and exposure to violence from Time 1 (T1) to Time 5 (T5). Results indicate that for youth (a) 48% had a trajectory of declining parental monitoring and (b) 7% had sharply increasing exposure to violence from T1 to T5. Multivariate findings are consistent with the ecological—transactional model of community violence. Exposure to violence T1 was a precursor of a trajectory of declining parental monitoring T1 to T5. Youth with a trajectory of stable and sharply increasing exposure to violence were more than 200% more likely to have declining parental monitoring T1 to T5. The theoretical implications of these findings as well as areas for future research are also discussed.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms as a Mediating Factor on the Effects of Exposure to Community Violence Among Children in Cape Town, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Shields ◽  
Kathy Nadasen ◽  
Lois Pierce
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Mediating Factor

Research conducted over the past 20 years has linked exposure to violence to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children both in the United States and South Africa, but very little research has investigated PTSD as a mediating variable between exposure to violence and other problems. The purpose of the current research was to determine if PTSD acts as a mediating variable between exposure to violence and depression, and exposure to violence and aggressive and violent behavior at school among a sample of 247 South African children. Regression analysis suggested that PTSD mediated the effects of exposure to violence on depression, whereas the effect of exposure to violence on aggression and violent behavior was only direct. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for intervention and treatment.

Exposure to Violence, Mental Health, and Violent Behavior

2012 ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Flannery ◽  
Mark I. Singer ◽  
Manfred van Dulmen ◽  
Jeff M. Kretschmar ◽  
Lara M. Belliston
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Exposure To Violence

The Structure of Violent Behavior

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Michie ◽  
David J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Weapon Use ◽  
Best Fit

Common difficulties in measures of violent behavior are their multidimensional nature, the nonempirical ordering of violent acts, the inclusion of undiscriminating items, and differential precision of measurement across the range of seriousness. Data collected on a sample of 250 male Scottish prisoners, using the MacArthur Community Violence Screening Instrument, are examined using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) analysis. A hierarchical model with a coherent superordinate factor overarching two lower order factors—violence based on weapon use and violence without weapon use—provide the best fit to the data. The ordering of the items on the scale does not conform to the order indicated by IRT analysis. Items vary considerably in the amount of information they provide, with the precision of measurement of the total scale being poor at high levels of the scale. Ways of improving the measurement of violence are discussed.

Levels of Guardianship in Protecting Youth Against Exposure to Violence in the Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin ◽  
Maria João Lobo Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Different Types

Using hierarchical generalized linear modeling and the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods data, the authors examine whether different types of guardianship protect youth against exposure to violence in the neighborhood while controlling for situations where exposure is most likely to occur. Protective family management practices and internal locus of control significantly reduce exposure to community violence. Contrary to expectations, however, neighborhood collective efficacy exerted no effect. The findings emphasize the importance of considering family management practices and individual characteristics as protective factors against harmful environments. Further, guardianship is not restricted to external informal agents of control.

Exposure to Violence, Quality of Life, and Health Status in a Group of Farm Workers in South Africa: A Preliminary Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-698
Author(s):  
Ilse Steenkamp ◽  
Karel Botha ◽  
Annamarie Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Quality Of Life Inventory ◽  
Life Inventory

Farm workers ( N = 52), ages 18 to 60 years ( M = 34.1, SD = 11.1), completed the Survey of Exposure to Community Violence, General Health Questionnaire-28, and the Quality of Life Inventory. Farm workers reported average Exposure to Violence, very low Quality of Life, and subaverage Health Status. No significant correlation was found between scores on Exposure to Violence and Quality of Life. Exposure to Violence was significantly correlated with poor Health Status in women but not in men. The implication of these results is discussed.

Specifying the Role of Exposure to Violence and Violent Behavior on Initiation of Gun Carrying

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spano ◽  
William Alex Pridemore ◽  
John Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Gun Carrying
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