Is soil respiration a major contributor to the carbon budget within a Pacific Northwest old-growth forest?

2005 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Falk ◽  
Kyaw Tha Paw U ◽  
Sonia Wharton ◽  
Matt Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

scholarly journals Carbon Storage in Coarse and Fine Fractions of Pacific Northwest Old-Growth Forest Soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Homann ◽  
S. M. Remillard ◽  
M. E. Harmon ◽  
B. T. Bormann
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Impacts of logging on soil organic carbon and heterotrophic respiration in tropical forests in Borneo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia H. Vetter ◽  
Yit Arn Teh ◽  
Michael Martin ◽  
Dafydd M. O. Elias ◽  
Terhi Riutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Logged Forest

<p>Selective logging is the practice of extracting selected commercial trees from natural production forests. The intensity of logging correlates with a reduction in biodiversity, wood production and biomass stocks. Less is known about the relationship of logging to soil organic carbon (SOC) and how it changes or recovers over time. Empirical measurements in Borneo provided SOC, soil respiration, aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) from intact old-growth forest (OGF) as well as from moderately to heavily logged (LOG) forest sites. Soil carbon (C) content and heterotrophic respiration (R<sub>h</sub>) was higher in LOG sites than in OGF sites. Moderately logged forest (logged > 10 years ago) contained more SOC than heavily logged forest (logged approx. 7 years ago). NPP was used to estimate the C input to the soil. All these data were used to test the biochemical model ECOSSE (<strong>E</strong>stimating <strong>C</strong>arbon in <strong>O</strong>rganic <strong>S</strong>oils – <strong>S</strong>equestration and <strong>E</strong>missions) to calculate SOC for the study sites. The model performed well in simulating the soil respiration of OGF and generated acceptable results for LOG sites in the validation process. The results for logged forests showed an increase in R<sub>h</sub> over the first 15 years, with some sites showing either a further increase over the next 15 years or stabilizing at a higher level compared to pre-disturbance conditions for other sites. However, for all modelled cases, a break was observed after 30 years, when R<sub>h</sub> decreased to a lower level (but not as low as for OGF) before reaching a new equilibrium. At the same time, SOC begins to increase. Spatial modelling showed the results for Borneo under logged conditions and the potential of storing C if logging was reduced. Only 22% of Borneo is under old-growth forest; the results show moderate to high C losses if this region is subjected to logging. Overall, the results show the disturbance of SOC and Rh through logging over periods longer than 30 years.</p>

scholarly journals Small scale spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration in an old growth temperate deciduous forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9977-10005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jordan ◽  
G. Jurasinski ◽  
S. Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Abstract. The large scale spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration caused by differences in site conditions is quite well understood. However, comparably little is known about the micro scale heterogeneity within forest ecosystems on homogeneous soils. Forest age, soil texture, topographic position, micro topography and stand structure may influence soil respiration considerably within short distance. In the present study within site spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration has been evaluated. To do so, an improvement of available techniques for interpolating soil respiration data via kriging was undertaken. Soil respiration was measured with closed chambers biweekly from April 2005 to April 2006 using a nested design (a set of stratified random plots, supplemented by 2 small and 2 large nested groupings) in an unmanaged, beech dominated old growth forest in Central Germany (Hainich, Thuringia). A second exclusive randomized design was established in August 2005 and continually sampled biweekly until July 2007. The average soil respiration values from the random plots were standardized by modeling soil respiration data at defined soil temperature and soil moisture values. By comparing sampling points as well as by comparing kriging results based on various sampling point densities, we found that the exclusion of local outliers was of great importance for the reliability of the estimated fluxes. Most of this information would have been missed without the nested groupings. The extrapolation results slightly improved when additional parameters like soil temperature and soil moisture were included in the extrapolation procedure. Semivariograms solely calculated from soil respiration data show a broad variety of autocorrelation distances (ranges) from a few centimeters up to a few tens of meters. The combination of randomly distributed plots with nested groupings plus the inclusion of additional relevant parameters like soil temperature and soil moisture data permits an improved estimation of the range of soil respiration, which is a prerequisite for reliable interpolated maps of soil respiration.

scholarly journals Influence of topography and fuels on fire refugia probability under varying fire weather conditions in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett W. Meigs ◽  
Christopher J. Dunn ◽  
Sean A. Parks ◽  
Meg A. Krawchuk
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Live Fuels ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
And Function

Fire refugia — locations that burn less severely or less frequently than surrounding areas — support late-successional and old-growth forest structure and function. This study investigates the influence of topography and fuels on the probability of forest fire refugia under varying fire weather conditions. We focused on recent large fires in Oregon and Washington, United States (n = 39 fires > 400 ha, 2004–2014). Our objectives were to (1) map fire refugia as a component of the burn severity gradient, (2) quantify the predictability of fire refugia as a function of prefire fuels and topography under moderate and high fire weather conditions, and (3) map the conditional probability of fire refugia to illustrate their spatial patterns in old-growth forests. Fire refugia exhibited higher predictability under relatively moderate fire weather conditions. Prefire live fuels were strong predictors of fire refugia, with higher refugia probability in forests with higher prefire biomass. In addition, fire refugia probability was higher in topographic settings with relatively northern aspects, steep catchment slopes, and concave topographic positions. Conditional probability maps revealed consistently higher fire refugia probability under moderate versus high fire weather scenarios. Results from this study inform conservation planning by determining late-successional forests most likely to persist as fire refugia despite increasing regional fire activity.

Research Article: Soil respiration in upper Great Lakes old-growth forest ecosystems

BIOS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Liebman ◽  
Julia Yang ◽  
Lucas E. Nave ◽  
Knute J. Nadelhoffer ◽  
Christopher M. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Research Article

scholarly journals Ecosystem fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in an old-growth forest: temporal dynamics and responses to diffuse radiation and heat waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 7127-7139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Rastogi ◽  
Max Berkelhammer ◽  
Sonia Wharton ◽  
Mary E. Whelan ◽  
Frederick C. Meinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has recently emerged as a tracer for terrestrial carbon uptake. While physiological studies relating OCS fluxes to leaf stomatal dynamics have been established at leaf and branch scales and incorporated into global carbon cycle models, the quantity of data from ecosystem-scale field studies remains limited. In this study, we employ established theoretical relationships to infer ecosystem-scale plant OCS uptake from mixing ratio measurements. OCS fluxes showed a pronounced diurnal cycle, with maximum uptake at midday. OCS uptake was found to scale with independent measurements of CO2 fluxes over a 60 m tall old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest of the US (45∘49′13.76′′ N, 121∘57′06.88′′ W) at daily and monthly timescales under mid–high light conditions across the growing season in 2015. OCS fluxes were strongly influenced by the fraction of downwelling diffuse light. Finally, we examine the effect of sequential heat waves on fluxes of OCS, CO2, and H2O. Our results bolster previous evidence that ecosystem OCS uptake is strongly related to stomatal dynamics, and measuring this gas improves constraints on estimating photosynthetic rates at the ecosystem scale.

Spatial simulation of historical landscape patterns in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Wimberly
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Spatial Simulation ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Concerns about the fragmentation of Pacific Northwest forests are based on the assumption that these landscapes historically contained large, contiguous patches of old growth. However, this supposition appears to conflict with disturbance history research, which shows that wildfire was an important component of pre-settlement forest ecosystems. To better quantify historical forest patterns, a spatial simulation model of wildfire and forest succession was used to simulate pre-settlement landscape dynamics in the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A. The model was parameterized to simulate fire regimes over 1000 years prior to Euro-American settlement using data from paleoecological, dendro ecological, and historical sources. A simple fire-spread algorithm produced mosaics of variable fire severity and allowed simulated fires to be calibrated to match the shapes of real fires. The simulated landscape was spatially heterogeneous and highly dynamic. Old growth was the dominant patch type occupying a median of 42% of the total area. The relatively long fire return intervals, highly skewed fire size distributions, and mixed severities characteristic of the historical fire regime generated a landscape mosaic with large (> 100 000 ha) patches of old-growth forest, although smaller patches (<100 ha) were the most numerically abundant. Both small and large patches of old forest have important ecological roles in a dynamic ecosystem, and future landscape management efforts should consider the implications of altering these historical patterns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document