Representation of Women in Ophthalmology Receiving Private Industry Funding 2015-2018

PURPOSE The purpose of this survey was to determine the scope of supportive care services (SCS) designed to promote quality of life during cancer therapies at National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers. METHODS A survey was mailed to the medical directors and nursing directors of 52 NCI-designated comprehensive (n = 26), clinical (n = 11), and planning cancer centers (n = 15) in the United States. Only one survey was completed from each institution. Survey questions identified services provided such as pain management, terminal care, psychosocial programs, and spiritual care. RESULTS Thirty-nine questionnaires were received for a total response rate of 75%. Of the respondents, 45% were comprehensive cancer centers, 24% clinical cancer centers, and 29% planning centers. One center did not identify their NCI designation. Sixty-one percent of the centers reported research programs in supportive care. Outside funding was reported in 51% of the respondents, with 39% having American Cancer Society (ACS) or National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding and 28% having private industry funding. Overall SCS self-ratings improved from a 21% rating of excellent to very good 5 years ago to the current 54% rating. CONCLUSION Survey results provide data on SCS across a representative sample of NCI cancer centers and can be used to develop standards for future cancer control programs.

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Aesthetic Surgery Research Funding: Where Does it Come From and to Whom Does It Go?

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjaa335 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob B Hammond ◽

Valerie L Armstrong ◽

Kaley McMullen ◽

Robert W Bernard ◽

Chad M Teven

Keyword(s):

Reconstructive Surgery ◽

Private Practice ◽

Research Funding ◽

Aesthetic Surgery ◽

Academic Institutions ◽

Industry Funding ◽

Private Industry ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Or Practice ◽

Surgery Research

Abstract Background Recent data show that aesthetic surgery research is lagging in comparison to reconstructive surgery: research funding and institutional disparities within aesthetic surgery are potential factors in this trend. Objectives To determine if disparities exist in aesthetic surgery research based on funding sources or practice settings. Methods Aesthetic Surgery Journal articles from 2009-2019 were reviewed. Chi-square, t-test, bivariate and multivariate regression analyses evaluated research trends. Results A total of 2,262 publications were identified, with 318 funded articles meeting inclusion criteria. Majority of studies (294, 92%) received external funding, with 281 (88%) being supported solely by external funds. Externally funded studies were financed by private industry (194, 66%), foundations/societies (53, 18%), government grants (23, 8%), or a combination of agencies (24, 8%). Majority of funded studies were at academic institutions (266, 84%), followed by private practice (46, 14%) and private industry (6, 2%). Analysis of annual publications revealed a rising percentage of academic-based research, which correlated with decreasing research from private practice (r= -0.95, r 2= 0.89, P<0.001). Compared to academic institutions, private practice relied more heavily on industry funding (55% vs. 87% respectively, P=0.001), exhibiting lower rates of foundational/societal (20% vs. 2%), governmental (9% vs. 0%), combined (8% vs. 7%), and internal department funding (8% vs. 4%). Article citations and level of evidence were unaffected by funding source, agency, or practice setting. Conclusions Lack of diversity in research funding among private practice surgeons may explain the reported discrepancies that currently exist between aesthetic and reconstructive surgery research.

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Hidden Sources of Private Industry Funding

The American Journal of Bioethics ◽

10.1080/15265160802318105 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 60-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David B. Resnik

Keyword(s):

Industry Funding ◽

Private Industry

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Boards of directors in Russian publicly traded companies: the gender aspect

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2018-2-142-155 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 142-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. A. Garanina ◽

A. A. Muravyev

Keyword(s):

Boards Of Directors ◽

Company Performance ◽

Corporate Boards ◽

Publicly Traded ◽

Publicly Traded Companies ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Female Directors ◽

Female Director ◽

Gender Aspect ◽

Longitudinal Dataset

This article studies the gender composition of corporate boards of Russian companies, including its relation to company performance. The analysis is based on a unique longitudinal dataset of virtually all Russian companies whose shares were traded on the stock market in 1998-2014. It shows a relatively small representation of women, just 12% of all the seats, while about 40% of the companies did not have any female director. At the same time, both the share of companies that appoint female directors and the share of female directors on boards show a clear upward trend. The econometric analysis suggests a positive link between the presence of female directors on boards and company performance, especially when firms appoint several, rather than one, female directors.

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Changing the face of short fiber –a review of the eucalyptus revolution

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.6.353 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 353-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

PETER W. HART ◽

RICARDO B. SANTOS

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Short Fiber ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Private Industry ◽

High Productivity ◽

Paper Manufacturing ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Eucalypt Plantations ◽

Eucalyptus Plantations

Eucalyptus plantations have been used as a source of short fiber for papermaking for more than 40 years. The development in genetic improvement and clonal programs has produced improved density plantations that have resulted in fast growing, increased fiber volume eucalypts becoming the most widely used source of short fibers in the world. High productivity and short rotation times, along with the uniformity and improved wood quality of clonal plantations have attracted private industry investment in eucalypt plantations. Currently, only a handful of species or hybrids are used in plantation efforts. Many more species are being evaluated to either enhance fiber properties or expand the range of eucalypt plantations. Eucalyptus plantations are frequently planted on nonforested land and may be used, in part, as a means of conserving native forests while allowing the production of high quality fiber for economic uses. Finally, eucalypt plantations can provide significant carbon sinks, which may be used to help offset the carbon released from burning fossil fuels. The development and expansion of eucalypt plantations represents a substantial revolution in pulp and paper manufacturing.

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HARMONISING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN THE SADC

Journal of Law Society and Development ◽

10.25159/2520-9515/876 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 90-109

Author(s):

Stephen De la Harpe

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Free Trade ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Government Procurement ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Private Industry ◽

Regional Competition ◽

Model Law ◽

Opening Up

The promotion of international trade is seen as one of the important instruments to ensure development in developing nations and regions. The history of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the drafting of many regional and similar international trade agreements are evidence of this. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is no exception.1 It is therefore strange that many states that are members of the WTO and actively encourage the opening up of international borders to free trade do not include public procurement2 in such free trade arrangements. This is particularly evident in developing states. If the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), which is a plurilateral agreement, is considered it is clear that many states do not wish to open their internal markets to competition in the public procurement sphere. It is therefore not surprising that public procurement has been described as the last rampart of state protectionism (Ky, 2012). Public procurement is an important segment of trade in any country (Arrowsmith & Davies, 1998). It is estimated that public procurement represents between 10% and 15% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of developed countries and up to 25% of GDP in developing states (Wittig, 1999). Unfortunately, governments often expect private industry to open up national markets for international competition but do not lead the way. Except for the limited use of pooled procurement,3 no specific provision is at present made for the harmonisation and integration of public procurement in the SADC. In view of the proximity of the member states, the interdependency of their economies and the benefits that can be derived from opening up their boundaries to regional competition in public procurement, the possibility of harmonisation and deeper integration in this sphere needs to be given more attention. The importance of public procurement in international trade and regional integration is twofold: first, it forms a substantial part of trade with the related economic and developmental implications; secondly, it is used by governments as an instrument to address socio-economic issues. Public procurement spending is also important because of its potential influence on human rights, including aspects such as the alleviation of poverty, the achievement of acceptable labour standards and environmental goals, and similar issues (McCrudden, 1999). In this article the need to harmonise public procurement in the SADC in order to open up public procurement to regional competition, some of the obstacles preventing this, and possible solutions are discussed. Reference is made to international instruments such as the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the Model Law on Public Procurement and the GPA. In particular, the progress made in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) with regard to the harmonisation of public procurement, which was based on the Model Law, will be used to suggest possible solutions to the problem of harmonising public procurement in the SADC.

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Promoting gender equity in sport science

Sports & Exercise Medicine Switzerland ◽

10.34045/sems/2020/48 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Good Practice ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Gender Inequity ◽

Sport Science ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Exercise Medicine ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Individual Ability ◽

Scientific Awards

Gendered norms, stereotypes and biases implicitly influence our thoughts, attitudes and behaviours. These often lead to gender inequity, a phenomenon inherent in society and reflected in its various contexts. The increasing awareness of this inequity is leading to reflection and changes in society as a whole and its communities, organisations and institutions. In scientific disciplines, gender inequity has been, and still is, a point of discussion and consideration. In many cases, these discussions have led to positive and sustainable changes at both a structural as well as a policy level. This opinion piece discusses gender inequity in the context of sport science and, in particular, sport medicine in Switzerland. Specifically, academic position (professorships), first authorship of peer-reviewed publications in the SEMS-Journal as well as conference participation and scientific awards in two Swiss sport science organisations: Sportwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft der Schweiz (SGS) and Sport & Exercise Medicine Switzerland (SEMS) in terms of frequency are presented and discussed. An under-representation of women is observed in most categories. Finally, recommendations for promoting and supporting equity while maintaining an objective consideration of quality criteria and individual ability are put forward using examples of good practice.

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