Features of the Gender aspect Paroemias in Linguistic picture of the World (Based on the Material of Russian and English Languages)

The relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that at the present stage of the development of linguistics there is a lack of an empirical (analytical) base that would make it possible to subject proverbial modifications and subject them to a full-scale and comprehensive analysis. Moreover, the gender problem in the proverbial picture of any culture is a young and insufficiently studied science, and now in linguistics there is a rapid growth of research devoted to the study of the gender parameter in the language. The basic object of this study is a part of the proverbial fund of the English and Russian languages, which serves as the basis for various kinds of modifications. The purpose of this work is to analyze the ways of constructing the image of a man and a woman in Russian and English proverbs. In accordance with the goals, the following tasks were set: - study of literature on the topic and related fields of science; - to make a thematic and historical-etymological classification of the studied layer of the vocabulary of the Russian and English people; - using specific theoretical and factual materials to clarify the existing classifications of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings indicating the gender aspect.

The Anti-Value Concept of Cowardice in Humorous Discourse of Anglo-Saxon Linguistic Culture

The article introduced the anti-value concept of cowardice in the humorous discourse of Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture. This concept is one of the main anti-values of modern Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture; however, it received very little scientific attention. Based on cognitive and axiological analyses, the author identified and analyzed the main characteristics of cowardice in humorous discourse. The analysis involved 50 episodes of stand-up specials and 500 episodes of various sitcoms. The key features of the anti-value concept of cowardice included fear, the level of danger, and the importance of overcoming danger. Other important characteristics of cowardice included immoral actions, avoiding danger, inaction, loss of control over one’s bodily functions, and unreasonable behavior. The fear of death / injury / social disapproval proved to be the main reasons for cowardice. The author also analyzed the gender aspect of the concept. Cowardice appeared to be a typical male feature because humor is often derived from breaking the gender stereotype "a man is stronger / braver than a woman".

Cross-Cultural and Gender Comparison of Emotional Connotation of Words

So far, scientists have researched to explore the emotional connotation of words in different native languages and genders. This study investigates how connotations of words differ by cultures and genders by inspecting valence values, which indicates how happy people feel about specific words in datasets obtained from USA, Spain, and Portuguese. To fulfill the objective, we categorized people’s feelings evoked by the words based on a criterion created by adding or subtracting standard deviation to or from valence means for the upper and lower bound. Then, words with valence values outside of the upper and lower bounds were categorized as emotional words (positive or negative) and were analyzed. The results show that people of different cultures are more connected regarding the perception of negative connotation of words than positive connotation. Moreover, Portuguese and Spanish are more connected than either of them with the US as they have more emotion words in common. On the gender aspect, we notice that females tend to give more extreme ratings for words than males. Furthermore, the analysis shows that males have a more positive feeling towards sex-related words than females. Overall, this study outlines a way for people interested in anthropology to understand the differences in the emotional connotation of words between males and females and across cultures.

PAREMIA OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES OF THE WORLD AND THEIR GENDER SPECIFITY

Постановка задачи. В фокусе исследования в рамках данной статьи стоят паремии Великобритании и других народов мира. Целью является рассмотрение их авторства с позиций гендерной принадлежности. В статье выявляются субъект и объект высказывания с точки зрения гендера. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований были выделены характеристики, которые могут явиться основанием для установления гендерного авторства пословиц и поговорок. Были выделены содержательные характеристики, релевантные для установления гендера автора, которые включают имплицитные и эксплицитные гендерные маркеры авторства, т.е. прямые и косвенные указания на гендер автора. Под имплицитными маркерами подразумеваются аксиологические характеристики качеств характера и поступков в пословицах; характер сравнений в паремии. Под эксплицитными маркерами понимаются рекомендательный и инструктивный характер пословиц в отношении поведения с противоположным полом; словосочетания your wife ; эксплицитная оценка интимных радостей, получаемых от женщины. Выводы. Анализ материала позволил сделать следующие выводы относительно гендерной паремии народов мира: имеет место значительный количественный перевес пословиц, характеризующих женщину по сравнению с характеристикой мужчины; в оценках женщины и жены доминирует пейоративная оценка; сравнения в отношении женщин носят негативный характер; многие высказывания о женщинах весьма грубы и резки и содержат ругательные лексемы в отношении женщин; многие пословицы «инструктируют» мужчин, как вести себя с женщиной, которая рассматривается как источник опасности для мужчины. Это указывает на то, что автором пословиц и поговорок у народов мира являются преимущественно мужчины, а паремия как разновидность фольклора является в основном мужским жанром. Statement of the problem. The present research aims to investigate the authorship of paremia of different nations of the world from the point of view of gender. The gender aspect of the subject and the object of a peremian statement are determined. Data from this study come from the proverbs and sayings of the peoples of the world in English. For the study, the following methods were used: an inductive method, a semantic analysis method, an analysis of dictionary definitions, a method of comparing various national cultures, a quantity method, a method of correlation of language and social phenomena. Results. Our research reveals different characteristics which may be the basis for the establishment of the gender of authorship of proverbs and sayings. Some characteristics of a paremian statement that include implicit and explicit gender markers of authorship are considered relevant for revealing the author's gender. Implicit markers imply the axiological characteristics of personality of men and women in proverbs, their comparisons with animals and tools of labor. The explicit markers imply recommendations and guidance how to behave with the opposite sex; references to ‘your wife’; mention of sexual joys received from a woman. Conclusion. The findings of the research have indicated the following: there is a significant quantitative advantage of proverbs characterizing a woman compared to the characteristics of a man; In assessments of women and wives negative evaluation dominates; Comparisons for women are negative; Many statements about women are extremely coarse and cutting and contain abusive lexemes against women; Many proverbs "instruct" men, how to behave with a woman who is considered to be a source of danger for a man. These factors indicate that authors of most proverbs and sayings in the world are predominantly a man. Paremia as a kind of folklore is mainly a male genre.

FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A CURRENT DIRECTION OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL WORK WITH ADOLESCENTS

The Healthy lifestyle`s formation is an actual problem of pedagogy, psychology and social work. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. The results of research of adolescents’ awareness of a healthy lifestyle are represented in the article. Teens are well informed about the basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle as detailed analysis showed. The process of forming responsibility for own life and health, conscious decision-making and overcoming cultural stereotypes about a healthy way of life requires special attention. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. Therefore, the analysis of the awareness of teens in matters of a healthy lifestyle has become necessary for the formation of a further algorithm for saving and restoring health. The analysis of research determined alcohol is an acceptable attribute that does not seriously interfere with a healthy lifestyle. This cognitive malformation is correlated with the promotion of alcohol and cigarettes on TV and web, also these harmful elements are acceptable in national traditions. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies The most part of teens is trying to follow the healthy lifestyle`s rules and avoid harmful substances. Teenagers are interested in maintaining and restoring physical and psychological health during a pandemic. The gender aspect, processes of conscious behavior acceptance of consequences and motivation for the formation of responsible behavior require additional researches.

The Story of Stenka Razin and the Persian Princess in Direct and Inverse Projections: Yevgeny Zamyatin and Anna Barkova

The article considers two cases of the creative reception of the legend about Stenka Razin and the Persian princess in Russian literature of the 1920s – in Yevgeny Zamyatin’s tragedy Atilla (1925–1928) and screenplay Stenka Razin (1932–1933), on the one hand, and in the play by A. Barkova Nastasya Kostyor (1923), on the other hand. The direct and inverse projections of Razin’s plot are represented: in Zamyatin’s case the roles of Razin and the princess are distributed in the traditional way, as they are typical for the long history of this plot in Russian culture – both in folklore and in literature, and in Barkova’s case these roles are reversed in the gender aspect. This peculiarity is considered as connected to Barkova’s interest toward “woman question”, the problem of female emancipation, women’s equality. The plot of Stenka Razin and the Persian princess is analyzed in the article together with another one – the plot featuring the woman warrior, since they are closely interrelated in Russian literature of the 1920s. The hypothesis is that this relationship is due to the active demolition of the old gender order during this period.

Study of the relationship between indicators of vitality and character traits among students of a pedagogical university (gender aspect)

В статье освящается исследование взаимосвязи между показателями жизнеспособности и свойствами характера у студентов первого курса педагогического университета. Современные требования к профессиональным качествам личности педагога предопределяют необходимость рассмотрения личностных коррелятов жизнеспособности будущих учителей. Автором раскрывается сущность жизнеспособности, и ее взаимосвязи с регулятивными, коммуникативными, интеллектуальными и эмоциональными компонентами характера студентов разного пола. Раскрыты личностные корреляторы жизнеспособности у первокурсниц эмоциональная стабильность, высокая нормативность поведения, а у юношей – общительность, умеренная подозрительность, эмоциональная стабильность, высокий самоконтроль. Жизнеспособность девушек снижают такие свойства характера как напряженность, беспокойство, высокая тревожность, конформность, а у юношей – напряженность и высокая тревожность. Полученные результаты личностных коррелятов жизнеспособности могут быть применены в психолого-педагогическом сопровождении процесса профессионального обучения студентов. Статья предназначена для студентов психолого-педагогических специальностей. The article discusses the study of the relationship between indicators of vitality and character traits in first-year students of the Pedagogical University. Modern requirements for the professional qualities of a teacher's personality predetermine the need to consider the personal correlates of the viability of future teachers. The author reveals the essence of vitality, and its relationship with the regulatory, communicative, intellectual and emotional components of the character of students of different genders. The personal correlators of vitality were revealed in freshmen, emotional stability, high normality of behavior, and in young men - sociability, moderate suspicion, emotional stability, high self-control. The vitality of girls is reduced by such character traits as tension, anxiety, high anxiety, conformity, and in boys - tension and high anxiety. The obtained results of personality correlates of vitality can be applied in psychological and pedagogical support of the process of vocational training of students. The article is intended for students of psychological and pedagogical specialties.

Industrial traumatism and occupational morbidity in mining industry of Kazakhstan

This article presents data in the dynamics on industrial injuries and occupational morbidity in the mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of this study is to analyze occupational injuries and occupational diseases between 2008 and 2018. An analysis of the number of victims of accidents, including those who died from accidents at work during the period, shows indicators of occupational injuries in the gender aspect, the outcome of accidents by degrees of severity and the material consequences of accidents. During the analyzed period, the overall level of occupational injuries and occupational morbidity in the country remains high. The material consequences of accidents, in addition to social damage, bring great material losses to the state.