Photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cultures and Streptococcus mutans biofilms for prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: An in vitro investigation

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.

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White spot lesions after orthodontic treatment assessed by clinical photographs and by quantitative light-induced fluorescence imaging; a retrospective study

BDJ ◽

10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 219 (3) ◽

pp. 117-117

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

White Spot ◽

White Spot Lesions

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Effect of application sequence of fluoride and CPP-ACP on remineralization of white spot lesions in primary teeth: An in-vitro study

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 236-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽

Reem A. Jbarat ◽

Susan N. Al-Khateeb

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

White Spot ◽

White Spot Lesions

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Evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acids induced photodynamic inactivation on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus; by using two light emitting diode wavelengths (In vitro study).

10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-19-312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hawzhen Masoud M Saeed ◽

Bestoon Mohammad Faraj ◽

Balssam Mohammad Mirdan

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Photodynamic Inactivation ◽

Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽

Light Emitting

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Prevalence of White Spot Lesion during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliance

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v9i2.43739 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

Md Ali Kawsar ◽

Md Nurul Islam ◽

Moutithi Sen ◽

Subodh Chandra Chakraborty ◽

Muhammad Tanvir Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Significant Risk ◽

White Spot ◽

White Spot Lesion ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Group 12 ◽

Dentofacial Orthopedics

Background: White spot lesions (enamel demineralization) is one of the most common and a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of white spot lesion during fixed orthodontic treatment. Method: This prospective observational study and was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics from January 2016 to December 2017 over a period of two years. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliance age between 12-30 years of both sex attended for follow up were included in this study. After taking written consent, a questionnaire included socio-demographic data, clinical and outcome variables including routine clinical photographs to examine WSL were filled up for each patient. Routine clinical photographs to examine WSL were taken after 6 months and 12 months of fixing orthodontics appliance. Qualitative data were expressed as frequency distribution and percentage. Results: Maximum patients were in age group 12 – 16 years and prevalence of WSL was also sought maximum in this group. Out of 36 cases with WSL, 14 (38.9%) were male and 22 (61.1%) were female. Prevalence of WSL after six month of fixing orthodontic appliance was 21.8% and 26.1% after 12 months. Prevalence of WSL after six month of fixing orthodontic appliance in male was 26.4% & in female was 19.6% and after 12 month of fixing orthodontic appliance it was 30.2% in male and 24.1% in female. After six months of fixing orthodontic appliance 1-3 WSLs was found in 17.0% cases and ≥ 4 WSLs in 4.8% cases. After twelve months of fixing orthodontic appliance 1-3 WSLs was found in 19.4% cases and ≥ 4 WSLs in 6.7% cases. Maximum WSL was found in maxillary incisors. Conclusion: This study showed that 21.8% of the study subjects developed white spot lesions during orthodontic procedure and incisors were the most common affected teeth. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (2): 40-42

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Fluoride varnish for the prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a randomized controlled trial

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 326-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mikael Sonesson ◽

Anna Brechter ◽

Salem Abdulraheem ◽

Rolf Lindman ◽

Svante Twetman

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Test Group ◽

Ammonium Fluoride ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

White Spot ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Fixed Appliances

Summary Background Self-applied and professional fluorides are key elements to limit caries-related side-effects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a new fluoride varnish formula containing 1.5% ammonium fluoride in preventing white spot lesions (WSLs) in adolescents undergoing multi-bracket orthodontic treatment. Subjects and methods The study employed a randomized controlled triple-blinded design with two parallel arms. One hundred eighty-two healthy adolescents (12–18 years) referred to three orthodontic specialist clinics were eligible and consecutively enrolled. Informed consent was obtained from 166 patients and they were randomly allocated to a test or a placebo group (with aid of a computer program, generating sequence numbers in blocks of 15). In the test group, fluoride varnish was applied in a thin layer around the bracket base every sixth week during the orthodontic treatment, while patients in the placebo group received a varnish without fluoride. The intervention started at onset of the fixed appliances and continued until debonding. The endpoint was prevalence and severity of WSLs on the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars as scored from high-resolution pre- and post-treatment digital photos with aid of a four-level score. Results One hundred forty-eight patients completed the trial, 75 in the test group and 73 in the placebo group (dropout rate 10.8%). The total prevalence of WSL’s on subject level after debonding was 41.8% in the test group and 43.8% in the placebo group. The number of patients exhibiting more severe lesions (score 3 + 4) was higher in the placebo group (P < 0.05); the absolute risk reduction was 14% and the number needed to treat was 7.1. Limitations The multicentre design with somewhat diverging routines at the different clinics may have increased risk for performance bias. No health-economic evaluation was carried out. Conclusions Regular applications of an ammonium fluoride varnish reduced the prevalence of advanced WSL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03725020). Protocol The protocol was not published before trial commencement.

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