Characterization of medical relevant anaerobic microorganisms by isothermal microcalorimetry

Raw soybean sprouts, which are used as ingredients in cook-chilled products, were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and spore-forming microorganisms Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium perfringens. Mesophilic microorganisms on raw soybean sprouts were present in large populations, 5.5 × 106 to 1.4 × 108 CFU/g, and psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more numerous than the other groups. Coliforms accounted for 15% of mesophilic microorganism counts on average, and the average for spore-forming microorganisms was 5.2 × 102 CFU/g. B. cereus was isolated from 12 of 17 soybean sprout samples, whereas C. botulinum and C. perfringens were not isolated. B. cereus was isolated in greater numbers at 30° C compared with other temperatures and was not isolated at 4° C. Of the 55 strains isolated from soybean sprouts, 52 were positive for starch hydrolysis, and only 3 strains did not hydrolyze starch. Among the 55 strains of B. cereus isolates, 53 showed the ability to produce diarrheal enterotoxin by CRET-RPLA.

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Aerobic and Anaerobic Biological Treatment and Characterization of Condensate Wastewaters from the Taciuk Oil Process

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1992.040 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 639-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.K. Bedford ◽

H. Melcer

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Oil Sands ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Wastewater Sample ◽

Related Phenomenon ◽

Carbon Removal ◽

Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Bench-scale investigations were conducted at Environment Canada's Wastewater Technology Centre to assess the feasibility of using biological activated sludge systems to treat fractionator sour water (PW5) and processor preheat steam vent water (Preheat) from the AOSTRA Taciuk Process when applied to bitumen recovery from oil sands. The PW5 wastewater sample was approximately 10 times more concentrated with regard to COD, TOC and ammonia concentrations than the Preheat sample. Phosphorus was lacking in each wastewater. High levels of cyanide were present in the Preheat sample and high levels of zinc in the PW5 sample. Aerobic treatment of the Preheat wastewater was shown to be feasible with regard to organic carbon removal. At a sludge retention time (SRT) of 20 days and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 0.9 to 2.4 days, organic carbon removal of the Preheat wastewater in terms of BOD5 was greater than 95%. Nitrification was also achieved with ammonia removals of greater than 95%. The PW5 treatment system, operated at a 20-day SRT and HRTs ranging from 5 to 10 days, achieved BOD5 removals of approximately 90%. However, residual carbon levels of approximately 200-400 mg/L remained in the effluent. The addition of powdered activated carbon at the 5-day HRT level did not significantly improve system performance. Excessive foaming and effluent suspended solids losses contributed to operating problems. Nitrification was not established, possibly due to high influent ammonia values. Anaerobic toxicity testing showed that the Preheat wastewater was a relatively weak substrate which did not inhibit anaerobic microorganisms. The PW5 wastewater was toxic to these organisms and this was a substrate concentration-related phenomenon.

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Operando bulk and interfacial characterization for electrochemical energy storage: Case study employing isothermal microcalorimetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/s43578-021-00350-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenzao Li ◽

Mallory N. Vila ◽

Lisa M. Housel ◽

Nahian Sadique ◽

Genesis D. Renderos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Isothermal Microcalorimetry ◽

Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽

Multiple Time ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Electrochemical Energy

Abstract The global shift to electricity as the main energy carrier will require innovation in electrochemical energy storage (EES). EES systems are the key to the “electron energy economy,” minimizing losses and increasing reliability between energy supply and demand. However, steep challenges such as cost, cycle/calendar life, energy density, material availability, and safety limit widespread adoption of batteries for large-scale grid and vehicle applications. Battery innovation that meets today’s challenges will require new chemistries, which can originate from understanding charge transport phenomena at multiple time and length scales. The advancement of operando characterization can expedite this progress as changes can be observed during battery function. This article highlights progress in bulk and interfacial operando characterization of batteries. Specifically, a case study involving Fe3O4 is provided demonstrating that combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and isothermal microcalorimetry can provide real-time characterization of productive faradaic redox processes and parasitic interfacial reactions during (de)lithiation. Graphic abstract

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Growth characterization of individual rye sourdough bacteria by isothermal microcalorimetry

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04904.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 529-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A. Mihhalevski ◽

I. Sarand ◽

E. Viiard ◽

A. Salumets ◽

T. Paalme

Keyword(s):

Isothermal Microcalorimetry ◽

Growth Characterization

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Characterization of microbial activity in soil by use of isothermal microcalorimetry

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ◽

10.1007/s10973-008-9467-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 843-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

I. Wadsö

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Isothermal Microcalorimetry

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Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051281 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

T. A. Rado

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽

Complete Lysis ◽

Lysogenic Culture ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075142 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

A.R. Pelton ◽

A.F. Marshall ◽

Y.S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Amorphous Alloys ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Isothermal Annealing ◽

Amorphous Matrix ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Current Interest ◽

Amorphous Films ◽

Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071168 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 144-145

Author(s):

B. H. Kear ◽

J. M. Oblak

Keyword(s):

Stable Phase ◽

Nickel Base Superalloy ◽

Alloy 718 ◽

Commercial Alloy ◽

Precipitate Morphology ◽

Continuous Precipitation ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Base Superalloy ◽

Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

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