Reproductive and aggressive behaviours of queen–worker intercastes in the ant Mystrium rogeri and caste evolution

Adolescence is a transitional process between childhood and adulthood (Antona, Madrid and Alaez, 2003), which involves physical, cognitive and social changes (Johnson, Roberts and Worrell, 1999). During this stage, risky behaviours are often developed, including alcohol and tobacco consumption. Alcohol is the most psychoactive substance consumed among adolescents, aged 14-18, followed by tobacco in Spain (DGPNSD, 2009). The teenagers who use alcohol and tobacco have a higher probability of having problems of aggresiveness and violence and it is also related to health problems (Bellis et al., 2005; Gil and Gil-Lacroix Lacroix, 2006; Room, Babor and Rehm, 2005). Several studies (Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton, 2001; Cangas, Gázquez, Perez-Fuentes, Moldes and Rubio, 2007; Piñero-Ruiz, López-Espín, Cherry and Torres-Cantero, 2012) have linked the presence of violence at school disturbing the environment and having negative consequences for the health and behaviour to a higher frequency in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In this study, 2552 questionnaires were collected with ages among 12-16 years from the Murcia Region. The results showed that students with aggressive behaviours at school have a higher frequency of alcohol and tobacco consumption.

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Impact of PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG) on mental health

Medico-Legal Journal ◽

10.1177/0025817220981817 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002581722098181

Author(s):

Shweta Sunil ◽

Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽

Nitin Anand

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Online Gaming ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Self Harm ◽

Aggressive Behaviours ◽

Causal Patterns ◽

The Impact

Online gaming has become a concern for health professionals due to its dysfunctional effects. This study aimed to conceptualise and summarise the impact that gaming platforms like PUBG can have on an individual’s mental health. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA model. A total of five papers were shortlisted and reviewed for the purpose of this study. The results indicated the use of gaming platforms like PUBG by players to address and cope with anxiety and depression, and it also highly influences the presence of other concerns like ADHD and suicidality, self-harm and aggressive behaviours. While the literature points to the detrimental effects of PUBG, this study highlights the importance of undertaking more research to establish the causal patterns in PUBG use and how to address the issues posed from both psychological and legal perspectives.

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Among the shapeshifters: parasite-induced morphologies in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and their relevance within the EcoEvoDevo framework

EvoDevo ◽

10.1186/s13227-021-00173-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alice Laciny

Keyword(s):

Social Insects ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽

Caste Differentiation ◽

Natural Experiments ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Open Questions ◽

Caste Evolution ◽

High Level ◽

Host Development

AbstractAs social insects, ants represent extremely interaction-rich biological systems shaped by tightly integrated social structures and constant mutual exchange with a multitude of internal and external environmental factors. Due to this high level of ecological interconnection, ant colonies can harbour a diverse array of parasites and pathogens, many of which are known to interfere with the delicate processes of ontogeny and caste differentiation and induce phenotypic changes in their hosts. Despite their often striking nature, parasite-induced changes to host development and morphology have hitherto been largely overlooked in the context of ecological evolutionary developmental biology (EcoEvoDevo). Parasitogenic morphologies in ants can, however, serve as “natural experiments” that may shed light on mechanisms and pathways relevant to host development, plasticity or robustness under environmental perturbations, colony-level effects and caste evolution. By assessing case studies of parasites causing morphological changes in their ant hosts, from the eighteenth century to current research, this review article presents a first overview of relevant host and parasite taxa. Hypotheses about the underlying developmental and evolutionary mechanisms, and open questions for further research are discussed. This will contribute towards highlighting the importance of parasites of social insects for both biological theory and empirical research and facilitate future interdisciplinary work at the interface of myrmecology, parasitology, and the EcoEvoDevo framework.

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A resource-poor developmental diet reduces adult aggression in male Drosophila melanogaster

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ◽

10.1007/s00265-021-03050-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Danielle Edmunds ◽

Stuart Wigby ◽

Jennifer C. Perry

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Early Life ◽

Social Effects ◽

Energy Budgets ◽

Male Aggression ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Low Resource ◽

Resource Poor ◽

Individual Effects ◽

Aggressive Behaviours

AbstractAggressive behaviours occur throughout the animal kingdom and agonistic contests often govern access to resources. Nutrition experienced during development has the potential to influence aggressive behaviours in adults through effects on growth, energy budgets and an individual’s internal state. In particular, resource-poor developmental nutrition might decrease adult aggression by limiting growth and energy budgets, or alternatively might increase adult aggression by enhancing motivation to compete for resources. However, the direction of this relationship—and effects of developmental nutrition experienced by rivals—remains unknown in most species, limiting understanding of how early-life environments contribute to variation in aggression. We investigated these alternative hypotheses by assessing male-male aggression in adult fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, that developed on a low-, medium- or high-resource diet, manipulated via yeast content. We found that a low-resource developmental diet reduced the probability of aggressive lunges in adults, as well as threat displays against rivals that developed on a low-resource diet. These effects appeared to be independent of diet-related differences in body mass. Males performed relatively more aggression on a central food patch when facing rivals of a low-resource diet, suggesting that developmental diet affects aggressive interactions through social effects in addition to individual effects. Our finding that resource-poor developmental diets reduce male-male aggression in D. melanogaster is consistent with the idea that resource budgets mediate aggression and in a mass-independent manner. Our study improves understanding of the links between nutrition and aggression.Significance statementEarly-life nutrition can influence social behaviours in adults. Aggression is a widespread social behaviour with important consequences for fitness. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we show that a poor developmental diet reduces aspects of adult aggressive behaviour in males. Furthermore, males perform more aggression near food patches when facing rivals of poor nutrition. This suggests that early-life nutrition affects aggressive interactions through social effects in addition to individual effects.

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Life in a bubble: the role of the labyrinth organ in determining territory, mating and aggressive behaviours in anabantoids

Journal of Fish Biology ◽

10.1111/jfb.13357 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 723-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Tate ◽

R. E. McGoran ◽

C. R. White ◽

S. J. Portugal

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behaviours

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A kinetic energy model based on machine vision for recognition of aggressive behaviours among group-housed pigs

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chen Chen ◽

Weixing Zhu ◽

Yizheng Guo ◽

Changhua Ma ◽

Weijia Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Energy ◽

Machine Vision ◽

Energy Model ◽

Model Based ◽

Aggressive Behaviours

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Aggressive behaviours of female Drosophila melanogaster are influenced by their social experience and food resources

Physiological Entomology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3032.2002.00262.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Atsushi Ueda ◽

Yoshiaki Kidokoro

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Social Experience ◽

Food Resources ◽

Aggressive Behaviours

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Identifying the prevalence of aggressive behaviour reported by Registered Intellectual Disability Nurses in residential intellectual disability services: an Irish perspective

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1108/amhid-03-2013-0016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 174-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Crotty ◽

O. Doody ◽

R. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Aggressive Behaviour ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Verbal Aggression ◽

Content Type ◽

Precise Knowledge ◽

Specific Behaviour ◽

Programme Development ◽

Aggressive Behaviours ◽

The Republic

Purpose – Despite the high incidence of aggressive behaviours among some individuals with intellectual disability, Ireland has paid little attention to the prevalence of aggressive behaviours experienced by Registered Intellectual Disability Nurses (RNID). Within services the focus is mainly on intervention and management of such behaviours. Therefore a disparity occurs in that these interventions and management strategies have become the exclusive concern. Resulting in aggressive behaviour being seen as a sole entity, where similar interventions and management strategies are used for ambiguously contrasting aggressive behaviours. Consequently the ability to document and assess-specific behaviour typologies and their prevalence is fundamental not only to understand these behaviour types but also to orient and educate RNIDs in specific behaviour programme development. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study reports on a survey of the prevalence of verbal aggression, aggression against property and aggression against others experienced by RNIDs’ within four residential settings across two health service executive regions in Ireland. A purposeful non-random convenience sampling method was employed. Totally, 119 RNIDs responded to the survey which was an adaptation of Crocker et al. (2006) survey instrument Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Findings – The findings of this study showed the experienced prevalence rate of verbal aggression, aggression against property and aggression against others were 64, 48.9 and 50.7 per cent, respectively. Cross-tabulation of specific correlates identifies those with a mild and intellectual disability as displaying a greater prevalence of verbal aggression and aggression against property. While those with a moderate intellectual disability displayed a higher prevalence of aggression against others. Males were reported as more aggressive across all three typologies studied and those aged between 20 and 39 recorded the highest prevalence of aggression across all three typologies. The practice classification areas of challenging behaviour and low support reported the highest prevalence of aggression within all typologies. Originality/value – The health care of the person with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour presents an enormous challenge for services. In-order to improve considerably the quality of life for clients, services need to take a careful considered pragmatic view of the issues for the person with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour and develop realistic, proactive and responsive strategies. To do this, precise knowledge of the prevalence of aggressive behaviours needs to be obtained. This study is the first of its kind in the Republic of Ireland.

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