Optimal design of disc mini-channel metal hydride reactor with high hydrogen storage efficiency

Abstract The results of the development of metal hydride (MH) reactors for the storage and purification of hydrogen of various types are presented. Two methods of metal hydride purification of hydrogen are presented. The use of the MH method of flow-through purification of hydrogen has high hydrogen recovery rates at high volume contents of hydrogen in the mixture (⩾10% vol.), while the method of periodic evacuation of accumulated impurities is most effective at low hydrogen contents in the mixture (<10% vol.).

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Hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0902183b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 183-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Borislav Bogdanovic ◽

Michael Felderhoff ◽

Guido Streukens

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Solid State ◽

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Sodium Borohydride ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

Metal Hydrides ◽

Hydrogen Storage Materials ◽

High Hydrogen ◽

Complex Metal

Complex metal hydrides such as sodium aluminohydride (NaAlH4) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) are solid-state hydrogen-storage materials with high hydrogen capacities. They can be used in combination with fuel cells as a hydrogen source thus enabling longer operation times compared with classical metal hydrides. The most important point for a wide application of these materials is the reversibility under moderate technical conditions. At present, only NaAlH4 has favorable thermodynamic properties and can be employed as a thermally reversible means of hydrogen storage. By contrast, NaBH4 is a typical non-reversible complex metal hydride; it reacts with water to produce hydrogen.

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Performance of a Thermally Coupled Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell System Under Different Operation Conditions

Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage ◽

10.1115/1.4035100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo A. Andreasen ◽

Silvina G. Ramos ◽

Hernán A. Peretti ◽

Walter E. Triaca

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

Cell System ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Integrated System ◽

Equilibrium Pressure ◽

High Hydrogen ◽

Hydrogen Flow ◽

Operation Conditions

The performance of a hydrogen storage prototype loaded with AB5H6 hydride, whose equilibrium pressure makes it suitable for both feeding a H2/air proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and being charged directly from a low-pressure water electrolyzer, interacting thermally with the fuel cell exhaust air, is reported. The nominal 70 L hydrogen storage capacity of the prototype suffices for hydrogen delivery at 0.5 L min−1, which allows a power supply of 50 W for 140 min from the H2/air fuel cell in the absence of thermal interaction. The storage prototype was characterized by monitoring the internal pressure and the temperatures of the external wall and at the center inside the container at different hydrogen discharge conditions. The responses of the integrated system after either immersing the metal hydride container in air or exposing it to the fuel cell hot exhaust air stream under forced convection were compared. The system shows the best performance when the heat generated at the fuel cell is used to increase the metal hydride container temperature, allowing the operation of the fuel cell at 280 W for 16 min at a high hydrogen flow rate of 4 L min−1.

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Effects of Metal Hydride Absorption in Reactor with Annular Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.294 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 479-480 ◽

pp. 294-298

Author(s):

Yong Soon Yap ◽

Chi Hung Peng ◽

Chi Chang Wang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Finned Tube ◽

Temperature Control System ◽

Storage Efficiency ◽

External Temperature ◽

Tube Heat Exchanger ◽

Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

This study analyzed and discussed the hydrogen storage reaction in the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank with internally fined heat tube. As the heat transfer and hydrogen storage efficiency of internal temperature control system are better than external temperature control, this study created a hydrogen storage simulation method to discuss the effect of thermistor fins on hydrogen storage. The results showed that the fins have significant effect on increasing the hydrogen storage efficiency, and the hydrogen storage time decreases as the thermistor fluid velocity increases, but the drawback is not apparent when the fluid velocity reaches a threshold.

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Thermal Management Analysis of On-Board High-Pressure Metal Hydride Systems

Heat Transfer, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/imece2006-14080 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuan Zheng ◽

Varsha Velagapudi ◽

Timothee Pourpoint ◽

Timothy S. Fisher ◽

Issam Mudawar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Thermal Management ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

High Pressures ◽

Metal Hydrides ◽

Hydrogen Release ◽

Scaling Analysis ◽

Compression Process ◽

High Hydrogen

Reversible metal hydrides are ideal vehicular hydrogen storage materials for the realization of on-board filling. Systems utilizing metal hydrides with high hydrogen release pressure (> 3 bar at -30 °C) can provide excellent cold-start capability. Although the required hydrogen filling pressure will also be high accordingly (> 100 bar), high-pressure (HP) metal hydride (MH) systems can store 20% to 50% more hydrogen in the void space between hydride particles in addition to the hydrogen absorbed by the metal alloys. To maintain a sufficiently high hydriding driving force during filling, it is very important to keep the MH temperature below a desirable level (85 °C). This issue becomes more important when the systems operate at high pressures, because the stress limits of materials for the container and other components decrease with increasing temperature. Efficient thermal management is needed to dissipate the large amount of heat produced during the initial rapid compression process (< 20 seconds) and the subsequent fast hydriding process (< 5 minutes). In this paper, thermal management design and analysis of a bench-scale rectangular-shaped HPMH module is reported. This module is approximately 1/70 of a vehicle-scale hydrogen storage tank. The modular approach provides flexibility to apply the knowledge obtained in this study to vehicle-scale designs. A typical AB2 HPMH is used as the hydrogen storage material. During the hydrogen filling process, the time-averaged volumetric heat release rate is approximately 3 MW/m3. Inner coolant passages are adopted to remove the heat. Through a scaling analysis of the energy conservation equation, the results indicate that thermal conduction in the metal hydride bed and convection in the coolant passages are both important factors. For the test module under development, finned tubes in conjunction with two-phase convection have been designed to meet the cooling requirements. Fin designs (material, thickness and spacing) have been evaluated using 3D numerical analysis. The knowledge learned from theoretical and numerical analyses is used to guide the construction of the HPME module, and hydrogen filling tests will be conducted soon.

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Optimal design of a metal hydride hydrogen storage bed using a helical coil heat exchanger along with a central return tube during the absorption process

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Eisapour ◽

Ali Naghizadeh ◽

Mehdi Eisapour ◽

Pouyan Talebizadehsardari

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Optimal Design ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

Helical Coil ◽

Absorption Process ◽

Hydride Hydrogen ◽

Coil Heat Exchanger ◽

Coil Heat

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The Impact of Active and Passive Thermal Management on the Energy Storage Efficiency of Metal Hydride Pairs Based Heat Storage

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3006

Author(s):

Serge Nyallang Nyamsi ◽

Ivan Tolj

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Management ◽

Metal Hydride ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Energy Storage Density ◽

Storage Efficiency ◽

Transfer Enhancement ◽

Storage Density ◽

Energy Storage Efficiency

Two-tank metal hydride pairs have gained tremendous interest in thermal energy storage systems for concentrating solar power plants or industrial waste heat recovery. Generally, the system’s performance depends on selecting and matching the metal hydride pairs and the thermal management adopted. In this study, the 2D mathematical modeling used to investigate the heat storage system’s performance under different thermal management techniques, including active and passive heat transfer techniques, is analyzed and discussed in detail. The change in the energy storage density, the specific power output, and the energy storage efficiency is studied under different heat transfer measures applied to the two tanks. The results showed that there is a trade-off between the energy storage density and the energy storage efficiency. The adoption of active heat transfer enhancement (convective heat transfer enhancement) leads to a high energy storage density of 670 MJ m−3 (close to the maximum theoretical value of 755.3 MJ m−3). In contrast, the energy storage efficiency decreases dramatically due to the increase in the pumping power. On the other hand, passive heat transfer techniques using the bed’s thermal conductivity enhancers provide a balance between the energy storage density (578 MJ m−3) and the energy efficiency (74%). The utilization of phase change material as an internal heat recovery medium leads to a further reduction in the heat storage performance indicators (142 MJ m−3 and 49%). Nevertheless, such a system combining thermochemical and latent heat storage, if properly optimized, can be promising for thermal energy storage applications.

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