Polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 and beta2-adrenergic genes and diet lipid effects on body composition, energy expenditure and eating behavior of obese women

Abstract Context Growing evidence suggests that appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy may not correct the full set of metabolic defects afflicting individuals with hypothyroidism. Objective To assess whether obese subjects with primary hypothyroidism are characterized by alterations of the resting energy expenditure (REE). Design Retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese women attending the outpatients service of a single obesity center from January 2013 to July 2019. Patients A total of 649 nondiabetic women with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 and thyrotropin (TSH) level 0.4–4.0 mU/L were segregated into 2 groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism taking LT4 therapy (n = 85) and patients with normal thyroid function (n = 564). Main outcomes REE and body composition assessed using indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance. Results REE was reduced in women with hypothyroidism in LT4 therapy when compared with controls (28.59 ± 3.26 vs 29.91 ± 3.59 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day), including when adjusted for age, BMI, body composition, and level of physical activity (P = 0.008). This metabolic difference was attenuated only when adjustment for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that obese hypothyroid women in LT4 therapy, with normal serum TSH level compared with euthyroid controls, are characterized by reduced REE, in line with the hypothesis that standard LT4 replacement therapy may not fully correct metabolic alterations related to hypothyroidism. We are not able to exclude that this feature may be influenced by the modulation of insulin sensitivity at the liver site, induced by LT4 oral administration.

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Energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in hyperplastic obese women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/31.5.750 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 750-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

I Warnold ◽

G Carlgren ◽

M Krotkiewski

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Obese Women

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The effect of ephedrine/caffeine mixture on energy expenditure and body composition in obese women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0026-0495(92)90304-s ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 686-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Arne Astrup ◽

Benjamin Buemann ◽

Niels Juel Christensen ◽

Søren Toubro ◽

Grete Thorbek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Obese Women

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Effects of weight cycling on the resting energy expenditure and body composition of obese women

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199601)19:1<5::aid-eat2>3.0.co;2-t ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Thomas A. Wadden ◽

Gary D. Foster ◽

Albert J. Stunkard ◽

Alicia M. Conill

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Weight Cycling ◽

Obese Women ◽

Resting Energy

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Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary carbohydrate on energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in obese women

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/61.3.486 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 486-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

S B Racette ◽

D A Schoeller ◽

R F Kushner ◽

K M Neil ◽

K Herling-Iaffaldano

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

Obese Women

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Obese binge eaters: metabolic characteristics, energy expenditure and dieting

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700028221 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 195-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. F. Adami ◽

P. Gandolfo ◽

A. Campostano ◽

F. Cocchi ◽

B. Bauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

Obese Women ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Binge Eaters

SynopsisThe study was carried out in two groups of massively obese women with BMI values who were to undergo bariatric surgery. The patients were evaluated for weight variability and for the presence and the frequency of binge eating. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic parameters were also measured. When non-bingeing individuals were compared with patients who met Binge Eating Disorder criteria, no differences in body composition, fat distribution, REE values and concentrations of serum lipids, insulin and thyroid hormones were found. On the other hand, weight variability due to reduced diet in the subjects' lifetime was significantly higher. This study does not support the hypothesis that in massively obese women binge eating is somehow induced by a reduced energy expenditure.

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Longitudinal changes in energy expenditure and body composition in obese women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00589.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (3) ◽

pp. E472-E479 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Ndubueze C. Okereke ◽

Larraine Huston-Presley ◽

Saeid B. Amini ◽

Satish Kalhan ◽

Patrick M. Catalano

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽

Obese Women ◽

Serum Leptin

Our primary objective was to evaluate changes in energy expenditure and body composition in women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between maternal leptin and nutrient metabolism. Fifteen obese women, eight with NGT and seven with GDM, were evaluated before conception (P), at 12–14 wk (E), and at 34–36 wk (L). Energy expenditure and glucose and fat metabolism were measured using indirect calorimetry. Basal hepatic glucose production was measured using [6,6-2H2]glucose and insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp. There was a significant increase (6.6 kg, P = 0.0001) in fat mass from P to L. There was a 30% ( P = 0.0001) increase in basal O2 consumprion (V̇o2, ml/min). There were no significant changes in carbohydrate oxidation during fasting or storage from P to L. There was, however, a significant ( P = 0.0001) 150% increase in basal fat oxidation (mg/min) from P to L. Under hyperinsulinemic conditions, there were similar 25% increases in V̇o2 ( P = 0.0001) from P to L in both groups. Because of the significant increases in insulin resistance from P to L, there was a significant ( P = 0.0001) decrease in carbohydrate oxidation and storage. There was a net change from lipogenesis to lipolysis, i.e., fat oxidation (30–40 mg/min, P = 0.0001) from P to L. Serum leptin concentrations had a significant positive correlation with fat oxidation at E ( r = 0.76, P = 0.005) and L ( r = 0.72, P = 0.009). Pregnancy in obese women is associated with significant increases in fat mass and basal metabolic rate and an increased reliance on lipids both in the basal state and during the clamp. These modifications are similar in women with NGT and GDM. The increased reliance on fat metabolism is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in carbohydrate metabolism during hyperinsulinemia. The increase in fat oxidation may be related to increased maternal serum leptin.

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Pattern and cost of weight gain in previously obese women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (4) ◽

pp. E923-E930 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. B. Votruba ◽

S. Blanc ◽

D. A. Schoeller

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Obese Women ◽

Time Courses

Weight gain is common among postobese individuals, providing an opportunity to address the cost of weight regain on energy expenditure. We investigated the energy cost of weight regain over 1 yr in 28 women [age 39.5 ± 1.3 (SE) yr; body mass index 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m2] with recent weight loss (>12 kg). Body composition, total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labeled water, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) were assessed at 0 and 12 mo. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was calculated from TEE and change in body composition. Fourteen women had a weight gain of 13.2 ± 2.1 kg. Twelve-month cumulative excess MEI, calculated as the intake in excess of TEE at month 0, was 749 ± 149 MJ. Of this, 462 ± 83 MJ (62%) were stored as accrued tissue, and 287 ± 72 MJ (38%) was increased TEE. Expressed per kilogram of body weight gain, the energy cost of weight gain was calculated to be 54.8 ± 4.6 MJ/kg. Interestingly, weight regain time courses fell into three distinct patterns, possibly requiring varying countermeasures.

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Effect of Time Restricted Feeding on Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition, Eating Behavior, Stress, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) Levels in Food Addicted Over Weight and Obese Women: A Study Protocol for a RRandomized Clinical Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-837137/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hanieh Irani ◽

Banafsheh Khodami ◽

Behnaz Abiri ◽

Atoosa Saidpour

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Body Composition ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Obese Women ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Binding

Abstract Background: Food addiction, the desire to eat compulsively and excessively palatable foods, is one of the behavioral factors that plays an important role in pathogenesis of obesity. Food addiction, like drug addiction, changes the dopaminergic system in rewards region of brain, but at lower levels. There are evidence suggesting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is synthesized in dopaminergic pathways in the reward regions of the brain and is involved in regulating food intake and body weight. BDNF is also associated with eating disorders in humans and hyperphagia in mice. On the other hand, it has been shown that the intestinal microbiome is effective in eating behavior through the production of neuronal and hormonal mediators, including BDNF. Intestinal microbiome changes greatly under the influence of diet. It has been shown that a time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been able to maintain fluctuations in the intestinal microbiome in response to the body's circadian rhythm. Furthermore, increased pathogens in the gut are associated with increased release of polysaccharides from the bacterial wall, resulting in increased levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). This study will aim to evaluate the effect of TRF on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, stress level, BDNF and LBP levels in over weight and obese women with food addiction.Methods/design: we will carry on a randomized clinical trial for 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of a TRF on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, stress level, BDNF and LBP levels in obese and overweight women with food addiction.Discussion: Given the effect of BDNF on regulating eating behavior and body weight and the effect of dietary restrictions on BDNF and the gut microbiome, the TRF diet could possibly be a new way to successfully manage weight through modifying BDNF in people with eating disorders, including food addiction.Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. IRCT20131228015968N7. Registered on 2020-10-25.

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