Biochar and Trichoderma aureoviride URM 5158 as alternatives for the management of cassava root rot

2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104353
Author(s):  
Jenifer Sthephanie Araújo da Silva ◽  
Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽  
Diogo Paes da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza ◽  
Julyana Braga de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Trichoderma Aureoviride

Trichoderma aureoviride URM 5158 and Trichoderma hamatum URM 6656 are Biocontrol Agents that act against Cassava Root rot through different Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 164 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Aldo Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽  
Jéssica Morais da Silva ◽  
Dyana de A. Tenório ◽  
Keila Aparecida Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Trichoderma Aureoviride

scholarly journals Efficacy of Extracts of Some Plants against Post Harvest Fungal Deterioration of Cassava Root (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. C. Amadioha ◽  
Kenkwo Promise Chidi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Fungal Deterioration

Fungitoxic potentials of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta extracts in the management of postharvest fungal deterioration of cassava root were investigated. Pathogenicity tests revealed Aspergillus niger, and Trichodderma viride as causal organisms of root rot of cassava which utilized the substrate for their growth and development. A. niger was found to be more virulent having the highest rot incidence of 75% followed by T. viride which depicted a lower pathogenic effect with rot incidence of 33.3%. The result of the inhibitory potentials of the water and ethanolic extracts of P. guineense, O. graticimum, C. alata, and T. erecta against the two fungal pathogens showed significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on A. niger, and T. viride. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta gave the highest mean inhibitory effect of 63.8% on A. niger while the least mean growth inhibition of 9.20% was recorded by water extract of P. guineense on T. viride. The results of in vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension of test fungi indicated high significant effect on the rot incidence and severity. Piper guineense water extract was less effective in controlling the development and spread of the pathogens during pathogenesis hence the highest percentage disease incidence and severity when it was applied after the inoculation with spore suspension of A. niger. The lowest incidence of rot was recorded with water and ethanol extracts of T. erecta applied before inoculation of T. viride. A. niger showed a stronger resistance to the plant extracts than T. viride in the control of cassava root rot in storage.

scholarly journals Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Maina Mwangi ◽  
Sylvester O. Aigbe ◽  
John F. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Diverse Species

Fusarium species are a significant component of the set of fungi associated with cassava root rot. Yield losses due to root rot average 0.5 to 1 ton/ha but losses >3 ton/ha, an equivalent of 15 to 20% yield, often occur. This paper reviews previous work on cassava root rot and summarizes a few recent studies on Fusarium species associated with the disease. Our studies in Cameroon showed that 30% of rotted tubers were infected by Fusarium spp. 12 months after planting and represented 25% of all the fungal isolates recovered. Other commonly recovered fungi were Botryodiplodia theobromae and Armillaria spp. Numerous and diverse species of Fusarium were associated with rotted cassava roots in Nigeria and Cameroon. At least 13 distinct amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) groups of Fusarium were distinguishable, each group probably a distinct species, and many of them might represent previously undescribed Fusarium species. The two largest of the AFLP groups correspond to F. oxysporum and F. solani species complex. The distribution of Fusarium spp. varied among countries and among locations within a country, suggesting that germ plasm resistant at one location may not be resistant at another. Fusarium spp. also cause seedling blight of cassava and can be recovered from the stems of infected plants up to 1 m above the ground. Therefore, the pathogen can spread with stems cut as planting material. Fusarium spp. also can colonize Chromolaena odorata, the dominant weed in short fallows, which could further complicate management efforts by serving as an alternative host for strains that colonize cassava.

Biocontrol of cassava root-rot mycopathogens with antimicrobial extracts of wood shavings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Michael Adedire ◽  
Olubusola Fehintola Oduwaye ◽  
Olutoye Olushola Fashola
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Cassava Root

scholarly journals First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Pre-harvest Cassava Root Rot in Benin and Nigeria

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Msikita ◽  
B. James ◽  
H. T. Wilkinson ◽  
J. H. Juba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Lower Stem

In diagnostic surveys conducted in parts of Benin and Nigeria to determine the incidence of pre-harvest cassava root and stem rot during the dry season, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich constituted 14.2 and 18.7% of the total fungi (n = 201) associated with cassava root and stem rot from Benin and Nigeria (1). Pathogenicity of M. phaseolina on cassava was tested with cv. Agric. Inocula for pathogenicity tests were prepared by incubating 5-mm-diameter mycelial plugs for each of five isolates (Mp 1 to Mp 5, all collected from Benin) with 500 ml of autoclaved, sterilized, dehusked rice seed for 14 days at 30°C. Five 30-cm-long stem portions per isolate were cut from healthy cassava, surface disinfested in hot water (52°C, 5 min), and planted into 1-liter pots containing autoclaved, sterilized sand mixed with 10 ml of air-dried inoculum. Five plants per isolate similarly treated but not inoculated served as controls. Plants were watered once a week, and maintained in a greenhouse under natural light at 28 to 30°C. Lower leaves of inoculated plants gradually wilted, usually preceded by chlorosis, and brown to black lesions formed on the lower stem portions of some roots. Control plants remained asymptomatic. Plant height and percentage of leaf wilt (determined by counting the number of leaves wilted per plant and dividing by the total number of leaves per plant) were measured on a weekly basis for 8 weeks for each of the control and inoculated plants. At the end of 8 weeks, lesion length on the lower stem was measured. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in length of the lesions and percentage of leaf wilt induced by the different isolates of M. phaseolina. Isolate Mp 1 induced the longest lesion (7.2 cm), followed by Mp 4 (4.1 cm), Mp 3 and Mp 5 (3.8 cm each), and Mp 2 (1.2 cm). Mp 4 induced the highest percentage of wilted leaves (53%), followed by Mp 1, Mp 3, and Mp 5 (30%), and Mp 2 (10%). All five M. phaseolina isolates (except Mp 3) reduced plant height, compared with control treatments. M. phaseolina was isolated from all infected plants, and the identification was independently confirmed by the International Mycological Institute, Surrey, UK. This is the first report of M. phaseolina causing pre-harvest cassava root rot in Benin and Nigeria. Reference: (1) W. Msikita et. al. Plant Dis. 81:1332, 1997.

Sources of resistance to cassava root rot caused by Fusarium spp.: a genotypic approach

Euphytica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandielle Araújo Vilas Boas ◽  
Camila Santiago Hohenfeld ◽  
Saulo Alves Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Vanderlei da Silva Santos ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cassava Root

scholarly journals FAMES AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE SUPPRESSION OF CASSAVA ROOT ROT BY ORGANIC MATTER

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉSSICA MORAIS DA SILVA ◽  
ERIKA VALENTE DE MEDEIROS ◽  
GUSTAVO PEREIRA DUDA ◽  
JAMILLY ALVES DE BARROS ◽  
UEMESON JOSÉ DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

ABSTRACT The incorporation of organic matter has been used to manage of diseases caused by soilborne pathogen, but there is a gap in the use of coffee residues on disease supressiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic matter sources against cassava root rot caused by F. solani CFF109. Fertilization with coffee residue (CR), cattle manure (CM), earthworm excrements (EE) and goat manure (GM) resulted in suppression of cassava root rot. The treatments of CR and CM presented higher reduction in the cassava disease severity. There were changes in the soil microbial community structure by organic matter incorporation, mainly in total fungi and Gram-negative bacteria populations. The total organic carbon and magnesium are negatively associated with disease severity. The microbial quotient, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were positively and the biomarker a-15:0 was negatively associated with disease severity. This study indicated that agro-industrial residues can be recycled for providing organic matter and nutrients with effect for management of plant diseases by suppressing soilborne pathogens. This is the first evidence that the industrial residue of coffee can be use in the management of cassava root rot, caused by F. solani.

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