P1.13 ENHANCED VASCULAR REACTIVITY TO COLD PRESSOR TEST IN AFRICAN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS

1. Stressful sympathetic stimulation (cold pressor test) was applied to 18 patients with essential hypertension and 15 normotensive subjects. Intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations as well as forearm blood flow were measured before and during the cold pressor test; tests were repeated after regional postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin. 2. Under basal conditions mean blood pressure (P < 0.001), heart rate (P < 0.01), forearm blood flow (P < 0.001) as well as adrenaline concentration (P < 0.01), but not noradrenaline, was higher in patients with essential hypertension. 3. During the cold pressor test, mean blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased and forearm flow decreased (all P < 0.001). 4. Stress-stimulated plasma adrenaline was higher in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.01). In the former the stress-induced increase in plasma adrenaline correlated with the increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.514; P < 0.05). 5. Prazosin increased forearm blood flow more in essential hypertension (P < 0.001). This increase correlated with the resting plasma adrenaline in the hypertensive (r = 0.710; P < 0.001), but not in normotensive, subjects. 6. When the cold pressor test was repeated during postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade forearm blood flow did not decrease; instead it increased further in both groups (P < 0.05). 7. Thus in essential hypertension elevated plasma adrenaline concentration reflects sympathetic overactivity as also expressed by enhanced α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.

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Wave intensity, an index of ventriculo-arterial interaction, increases in hypertensive subjects but decreases in normotensive subjects during the cold pressor test

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics ◽

10.1007/s10396-020-01077-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Midori Tanaka ◽

Motoaki Sugawara ◽

Kiyomi Niki ◽

Yasuo Ogasawara

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Wave Intensity ◽

Point Of View ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Ultrasonic Equipment ◽

Normotensive Subjects

Abstract Purpose Cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test (CPT) is considered to be a marker for apparent and potential hypertension. We aimed to elucidate the association between the changes in wave intensity (WI) during CPT and hypertension. Methods We recruited 85 volunteers, 33 of whom were hypertensive and 52 normotensive. Using ultrasonic equipment during CPT, we measured carotid arterial WI, which is defined in terms of blood pressure and velocity in the carotid artery. Results The peak WI (W1) increased during CPT in 70.6% of hypertensive individuals, but decreased in 72.6% of normotensive individuals. The chi-square (χ2) test showed that the association between the direction of change in W1 (increase or decrease) and the blood pressure (hypertensive or normotensive) was very strong (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Direction of change in W1 during CPT is a clear marker to discriminate cardiovascular reactivity that does not vary depending on each investigator’s subjective point of view.

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Assessment of vascular reactivity in young diabetics by cold pressor test and heart rate variability

Medical Journal of Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth ◽

10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_60_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Musharaf Bashir ◽

RiyazAhmad Lone ◽

ImranNazir Salroo ◽

SheikhImran Sayeed

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Pressor Test

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Different LF and HF HRV responses to cold pressor test in normotensive and prehypertensive men

Biologija ◽

10.6001/biologija.v64i4.3903 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vera E. Shekh ◽

Emeka Idot-Eyin Ofoegbu ◽

Ebunoluwa Grace Adenuga ◽

Larisa S. Shchyrova

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Total Power ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Normotensive Subjects

Hypertension is a global health problem and a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular and kidney disease. The cold pressor test (CPT) is commonly used as a sympathoexcitatory manoeuvre. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and HRV responsiveness to CPT in 46 normotensive and 25 prehypertensive (PHT) young man. In ECG was recorded at rest and CPT for 5 min each to evaluate heart rate (HR), total power (TP), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power. General linear model was used to test for effect of prehypertension and CPT on HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HRV variables and their responses to cold. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to reveal predictors of ∆HR, ∆SBP and ∆DBP. All analyses were conducted using SPSS 22. Blood pressure responsiveness to CPT was not associated with PHT; instead, it was associated with BMI. The ∆HR, ∆SBP, and ∆DBP were not significantly different between normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. However, ∆LnTP, ∆LnLF, and ∆LnHF were significantly higher in normotensives than in prehypertensives: LnTP, LnLF, and LnHF increased in normotensive subjects while these indices decreased in prehypertensives.

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THE COLD PRESSOR TEST – A MEASUREMENT OF THE CARDIAC AUTONOMIC RESPONSES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS SYMPTOMS

Trakia Journal of Sciences ◽

10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

E. Nikolov

Keyword(s):

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Mental Arithmetic ◽

Cardiovascular Response ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Cardio Vascular

The cold pressor test examines the cardio-vascular reactivity during certain physiological states - rest, stress and recovery. Currently it is a widespread tool for laboratory induced stress in an experimental setting amongst various fields of science. PURPOSE: To systemize the fields of application of the cold pressor test in an attempt to outline the possibilities to analyze cardio-vascular reactivity in connection to symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS: Unlike similar experiments (e.g. mental arithmetic test), which actively involve the behavior and motivation of the participants, the cold pressor test is a physical stressor that passively involves the participant. Cardiovascular response (BP, heart rate, aortic pulse wave velocity) to cold pressor test is measured with applanation tonometry - a novel, simple, easy-to-use method. In CONCLUSION, the combination of the cold pressor test with speech task and mental arithmetic test would contribute to the adequate tracking and comparison of vascular and myocardial reactivity during the assessment of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress). All of this would facilitate the involvement of the individuals with clinical or sub-clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety in experimental studies and would further help in a more precise assessment of the cardiovascular risk amongst them.

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Head-down-tilt bed rest alters forearm vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1756 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 1756-1762 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽

Cindy S. Hogeman ◽

David H. Silber ◽

Kristen Gray ◽

Michael Herr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Circulatory Arrest ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Sympathetic Discharge

To test the hypothesis that head-down-tilt bed rest (HDBR) for 14 days alters vascular reactivity to vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor stimuli, the reactive hyperemic forearm blood flow (RHBF, measured by venous occlusion plethysmography) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, measured by Finapres) responses after 10 min of circulatory arrest were measured in a control trial ( n = 20) and when sympathetic discharge was increased by a cold pressor test (RHBF + cold pressor test; n = 10). Vascular conductance (VC) was calculated (VC = RHBF/MAP). In the control trial, peak RHBF at 5 s after circulatory arrest (34.1 ± 2.5 vs. 48.9 ± 4.3 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1) and VC (0.34 ± 0.02 vs. 0.53 ± 0.05 ml ⋅ 100 ml−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ mmHg−1) were reduced in the post- compared with the pre-HDBR tests ( P < 0.05). Total excess RHBF over 3 min was diminished in the post- compared with the pre-HDBR trial (84.8 vs. 117 ml/100 ml, P < 0.002). The ability of the cold pressor test to lower forearm blood flow was less in the post- than in the pre-HDBR test ( P < 0.05), despite similar increases in MAP. These data suggest that regulation of vascular dilation and the interaction between dilatory and constrictor influences were altered with bed rest.

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Impact of tachycardia and sympathetic stimulation by cold pressor test on cardiac diastology and arterial function in elderly females

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00837.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (7) ◽

pp. H1002-H1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jonas Johnson ◽

Felicia Håkansson ◽

Kambiz Shahgaldi ◽

Aristomenis Manouras ◽

Mikael Norman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Cold Pressor Test ◽

Cold Pressor ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Exponential Relationship ◽

Pressor Test ◽

Rotational Mechanics ◽

Ice Water

Abnormal vascular-ventricular coupling has been suggested to contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in elderly females. Failure to increase stroke volume (SV) during exercise occurs in parallel with dynamic changes in arterial physiology leading to increased afterload. Such adverse vascular reactivity during stress may reflect either sympathoexcitation or be due to tachycardia. We hypothesized that afterload elevation induces SV failure by transiently attenuating left ventricular relaxation, a phenomenon described in animal research. The respective roles of tachycardia and sympathoexcitation were investigated in n = 28 elderly females (70 ± 4 yr) carrying permanent pacemakers. At rest, during atrial tachycardia pacing (ATP; 100 min−1) and during cold pressor test (hand immersed in ice water), we performed Doppler echocardiography (maximal untwist rate analyzed by speckle tracking imaging of rotational mechanics) and arterial tonometry (arterial stiffness estimated as augmentation index). Estimation of arterial compliance was based on an exponential relationship between arterial pressure and volume. We found that ATP produced central hypovolemia and a reduction in SV which was larger in patients with stiffer arteries (higher augmentation index). There was an associated adverse response of arterial compliance and vascular resistance during ATP and cold pressor test, causing an overall increase in afterload, but nonetheless enhanced maximal rate of untwist and no evidence of afterload-dependent failure of relaxation. In conclusion, tachycardia and cold provocation in elderly females produces greater vascular reactivity and SV failure in the presence of arterial stiffening, but SV failure does not arise secondary to afterload-dependent attenuation of relaxation.

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