THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF CURCUMIN WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON MDR CANCER CELLS AND THE FACTORS INFLUENCING PHARMACODYNAMICS.

Curcuma longa or turmeric is a plant that is used as a spice and as a phytoconstituent in many formulations from Vedic age. Curcuminoids are the most important Phyto constituents present in turmeric with various pharmacological activities. The present study reveals various pharmacological activities of curcumin with special emphasis on MDR cancer cells. The curcuminoids are the Phyto constituents showing potent activity against neurological disorders, cardio vascular diseases, auto immune disorders, Metabolic disorders, cancer, inflammatory diseases, Skin allergies and disorders. This review give emphasis on anticancer activity of curcumin and its possible mechanism of actions. Many studies revealing that various formulations and combination therapy of curcumin is increasing its bioavailability and there by effective against various diseases. This review is lighting to a treasure buried inside the soil a potential therapeutic agent without side effects.

Evaluation of early feeding through nasogastric tube in patients after cardiovascular surgery at the Hanoi Heart Hospital

Objectives: The goal of the study was to describle and understand the factors related to the nasogastric tube feeding in patients after cardio-vascular surgery. Methods: The study involved 100 consecutive patients who underwent cardio-vascular surgery at Hanoi Heart Hospital from April 1 to August 3, 2019..All subjects underwent assessed with the early feeding through nasogastric tube after 6 hours operation. Main results: The mean age of the patients was 54.4 ± 14.5 years old. The percentage of men were 48%, BMI <18.5 were 25%, used inotropic drug were 46% and sedative were 27%. The incidence of patients with abdominal distension and vomiting were 13%. No complications related to early feeding. Factors related to the residual index were sedation and duration of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Early nasogastric tube feeding in patients after cardiac and vascular surgery is safe, feasible and feasible.

Honey Bee Venom Re-Challenge During Specific Immunotherapy: Prolonged Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Allowed Survival in a Case of Near Fatal Anaphylaxis

BACKGROUND Specific immunotherapy for patients with honey bee hypersensitivity is commonly applied. Re-challenge with venom is performed to prove protection.CASE PRESENATION We report a case of near fatal anaphylaxis with asystolia for 24 minutes in a 35-years-old patient with mastocytosis after honey bee sting challenge despite 5-years of specific immunotherapy. Successful cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was applied for 32 minutes.CONCLUSION This intervention demonstrates, that in anaphylaxis with cardio-vascular arrest prolonged CPR for up to 40 minutes might be appropriate to overcome half time span of massively released histamine. Failure of specific immunotherapy was possibly due to sensitization to the allergen Api m10, probably underrepresented in commercial honey bee venom extracts. Also, molecular analyses might alert to potential unsuccessful outcome of venom specific immunotherapy especially in high-risk patients such as mastocytosis.

Comorbidity of NAFLD and GERD as a cardiometabolic phenomenon

The aim of the study was to study the cardiometabolic characteristics in individuals with an associated course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in comparison with isolated cases of diseases.Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients (30 — with GERD, 30 — with NAFLD, 30 — with GERD + NAFLD. Work design — prospective parallel comparative study with 2 stages. Stage I — inclusion in the study, assessment of the main cardiometabolic, cardio vascular rice (CVR) according to the SCORE scale and the Framingham scale. Stage II — follow-up of the participants for 5 years, re-examination and riskmetry.Results. It has been shown that with a combination of NAFLD and GERD, the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of NAFLD (especially in steatohepatitis) affect the key characteristics of the metabolic profile and the state of the CV system to a greater extent than GERD. The total CVR values in this category of patients were: 4.8 — SCORE; 13.4 — on the Framingham scale. Over 5 years in this group, 10 (33% of the initial) newly diagnosed cases of CVD were verified: 6 — AH, 3 — IHD, 1 — AH + IHD. CVR for the NAFLD and GERD group increased: according to the SCORE scale — from low risk (4.8) to high (8.9), and according to the Framingham scale, the dynamics was even more negative (from 13.4 to 18.6).Conclusion. Kinds of cardiometabolic disorders in persons with comorbidity of NAFLD and GERD have been proven, which can form the prerequisites for structural cardiovascular changes, including the risks of CVD. This can be a rationale for carrying out additional preventive measures for the groups of patients under discussion, especially in the case of their associated course, as measures for the early preclinical diagnosis of CVR factors and for timely correction of the identified disorders.

A Systemic Review of Pathological Findings in COVID-19 and Its Mechanism of Disease

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has spread worldwide at a rapidly alarming pace and has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has more intensive and prolonged standing effects in the host body post-infection than the other related groups of viruses. The disease has caused an unforeseen need for the availability of intensive support because of the resulting critical respiratory distress and consequent multi-organ failure. What starts as an elegant fever with cough and headache, with body pain, runny nose, sore throat, quickly develops into loss of perception of taste and smell, with nausea, diarrhea, troubled breathing, chills; and finally results into grievous damage to the vital organs of the body, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, and even brain, necessitating the need of urgent and competent availability of critical care infrastructure. It is now the disease with the highest number of affected individuals recorded in the modern era. And, not only does the infection of Covid inflict highly significant morbidity and mortality rates amongst the population, but there have also been multiple and significant strains to the overburdened health care system and also, massively on the economy. Here in this article, our focus will primarily be upon the systemic pathology in the various organ systems and how the coronavirus has been affected. We shall discuss the Respiratory System, the Cardio-Vascular System, the Renal System, Central Nervous System, and the pathophysiology involved herewith after covid infection.

Drowning Risk Analysis Comparing Surf Bather Subgroups

The study assessed the utility of risk analysis for advancing knowledge on drowning risk factors. The setting was unintentional drowning of surf bathers in Australia. Bathers reported earlier exposure to selected risk factors (swimming ability, wave height associated with rip currents and surf bathing experience) and were observed for water exposure (in minutes). These data were then assembled in mathematical models. The analysis forecast relative drowning risk pertaining to risk markers representing selected surf bather subgroups (gender, age and water activity). Contextualized through previous study findings, comparison of results with a gold standard obtained from mortality data generated new surf bather drowning hypotheses suitable for future testing by rigorous analytical epidemiologic designs. The hypotheses were: (1) The male to female comparative surf bather drowning rate is explained primarily by differences in crude water exposure; (2) the association of cardio-vascular medical conditions with surf bather drowning is stronger for older surf bathers compared to younger surf bathers; and (3) other risk contributors to surf bather drowning are: Poorly calibrated perception of bathing ability (overconfidence) and use of alcohol. Nonetheless, drowning rates appear generally consistent with time exposure to water. The study findings may also support drowning prevention strategies targeting risk marker subgroups.

Mechanistic Validation of an Ergogenic T. arjuna Standardized Extract (Oxyjun®) Using a Molecular Docking Approach

The bark of the tree Terminalia arjuna commonly referred as Arjuna is widely used in Ayurveda as a therapeutic agent for heart disease. More recently, a proprietary botanical extract of T. arjuna with tradename, Oxyjun®, demonstrated cardiotonic and ergogenic benefits for the first time in a younger and healthier population. However, the mechanism of action and biological actives of this novel sports ingredient were not clear. A molecular docking approach was adopted to understand the protein-ligand interactions and establish the most probable mechanism(s) of cardio vascular actions of the phytoconstituents of the T. arjuna standardized extract (TASE). Twenty-one phytochemicals (ligands) were chosen from Arjuna and their binding affinities against eight proteins serving cardiovascular functions (target proteins) were investigated. Autodock Vina was used to carry out the molecular docking studies. Potential efficacy in humans was assessed on the basis of ADMET properties and Lipinski’s Rule of 5. We found that arjunic acid, arjungenin, arjunetin, arjunglucoside1, chrysin, kaempferol, luteolin, rhamnetin and taxifolin demonstrated good docking scores and bioactivity.

The Paradigm Change of IL-33 in Vascular Biology

In this review, we focus on the actual understanding of the role of IL-33 in vascular biology in the context of the historical development since the description of IL-33 as a member of IL-1 superfamily and the ligand for ST2 receptor in 2005. We summarize recent data on the biology, structure and signaling of this dual-function factor with both nuclear and extracellular cytokine properties. We describe cellular sources of IL-33, particularly within vascular wall, changes in its expression in different cardio-vascular conditions and mechanisms of IL-33 release. Additionally, we summarize the regulators of IL-33 expression as well as the effects of IL-33 itself in cells of the vasculature and in monocytes/macrophages in vitro combined with the consequences of IL-33 modulation in models of vascular diseases in vivo. Described in murine atherosclerosis models as well as in macrophages as an atheroprotective cytokine, extracellular IL-33 induces proinflammatory, prothrombotic and proangiogenic activation of human endothelial cells, which are processes known to be involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We, therefore, discuss that IL-33 can possess both protective and harmful effects in experimental models of vascular pathologies depending on experimental conditions, type and dose of administration or method of modulation.