Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air in the Philippines derived from passive sampler with polyurethane foam disk

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

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The height variation and particle size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1080/02772249709358456 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (1-4) ◽

pp. 111-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shui‐Jen Chen ◽

Ping‐Shium Hwang ◽

Lien‐Te Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Height Variation ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Luzon Salt Beds

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-8.19.180915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carolyn L. Nanca ◽

Kimberly D. Neri ◽

Anna Christina R. Ngo ◽

Reuel M. Bennett ◽

Gina R. Dedeles

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Halophilic Bacteria ◽

Sole Source ◽

The Philippines ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants which are highly toxic due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. They are released into the environment by incomplete combustion of solid and liquid fuels, accidental spillage of oils and seepage from industrial activities. One of the promising processes mitigating PAHs is through biodegradation. However, conventional microbiological treatment processes do not function well at high salt concentrations. Hence, utilization of halophilic bacteria should be considered. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the ability of halophilic bacteria isolated from local salt beds in Pangasinan and Cavite, the Philippines, to degrade PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-tolerant halophilic bacteria collected from two sampling sites were phenotypically characterized, molecularly identified and tested to determine their potential to degrade the PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene at a hypersaline condition. Best PAH degraders were then assayed to identify the optimal degradation using such parameters as pH, temperature and PAH concentration. Testing for enzyme degradation was also done to determine their baseline information. Extraction and analysis of degraded PAHs were performed using centrifugation and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results. Twelve isolates from both collection sites tolerated and grew in culture with selected PAHs. These were identified into four genera (Halobacillus, Halomonas, Chromohalobacter, and Pontibacillus). Selected best isolates in a series of biodegradation assays with the above-mentioned parameters were Halobacillus B (Collection of Microbial Strains (CMS) 1802) (=trueperi) (Gram-positive) for pyrene and fluoranthene, and Halomonas A (CMS 1901) (Gram-negative) for fluorene. Degrader biomass and PAH degradation were invariably negatively correlated. Qualitative tests with and without peptone as a nitrogen source implied enzymatic degradation. Discussion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons utilized by these halophilic bacteria served as a sole source of carbon and energy. Implications of biodegradation of the two best isolates show that high molecular weight (HMW) (4-ring) pyrene tends to be degraded better by Gram-positive bacteria and low molecular weight (3-ring) fluorene by Gram-negative degraders. Conclusions. Halophilic bacteria constitute an untapped natural resource for biotechnology in the Philippines. The present study demonstrated their potential use in bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in the environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Human Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Rural Ambient Air

ACS Symposium Series - Occurrence, Fate and Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health ◽

10.1021/bk-2013-1149.ch004 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 59-82

Author(s):

Barend L. van Drooge

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Trace Organic Pollutants Emission From Large-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerators of Co-Firing Chinese MSW and Coal

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78066 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Jian-Hua Yan ◽

Sheng-Yong Lu ◽

Yue-Ling Gu ◽

Xu-Guang Jiang ◽

Xiao-Dong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Environmental Evaluation ◽

Dioxin Emission ◽

Pollutants Emission ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Trace Organic Pollutants ◽

Trace Organic

Complex components, high moisture and low caloric value of raw Chinese MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) lead to the difficulties of keeping stable burning and low pollutant emission. Differential Density Circulated Fluidized Bed (DDCFB) incinerator was first developed by Zhejiang University to overcome such difficulties. The research of organic pollutants, especially dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission and control from MSW incinerators has been carried out in ITPE since 1998. The aim of this paper is to provide the scheme of a new co-firing CFB incineration technology, and useful data for environmental evaluation of trace organic pollutants emission from incinerators. The art of co-firing CFB is presented briefly in the first part of this paper. The dioxin content in original Chinese MSW is estimated to be 10 pg I-TEQ/g based on the data from Abad et al. Several test runs are conducted in a real-scale (150ton/day) incinerator co-firing MSW and coal to investigate dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission to ambient air. Test results show that dioxins input into the incinerator is estimated around 300∼600 mg I-TEQ/y, dioxins output is estimated 3∼100 mg I-TEQ/y, and dioxins emitted to ambient air is around 0.1∼15mg I-TEQ/y. It seemed that most of dioxins in original waste are decomposed by incineration process. For seventeen priority PAHs, its emission to ambient air is around 200∼4160g/y for co-firing runs, which is much more than 80g/y for coal combustion only. This suggests that PAHs emission to ambient air needed to be more concerned than dioxins. That is to say, PAHs emission regulatory should be proposed as soon as possible to restrict all incinerators. Several new incinerators (200 tons/day per unit and 300 tons/day per unit) were built by using new Co-firing CFB technology in past few years. From the environmental evaluation report, dioxins emission in stack gas is in range of 0.0025∼0.06 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, which seemed far below the European limit. The annual dioxin emission to air for 200ton/day or 300 t/d units is around 3∼6 mg I-TEQ. It shows that co-firing CFB incinerator is capable of reducing dioxin emission effectively. Based on industrial demonstration experience of new co-firing CFB incineration technology, it has been proven environmental friendly method for thermal treatment of MSW in developing countries. Some reasons for low dioxin emission of co-firing processes are discussed in this paper.

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