Organic profiles of brake wear particles

2021 ◽  
pp. 105557
Author(s):  
Célia Alves ◽  
Margarita Evtyugina ◽  
Ana Vicente ◽  
Eleonora Conca ◽  
Fúlvio Amato
Keyword(s):  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear

Brake Wear Particle Size and Shape Analysis of Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) and Semi Metallic Brake Pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain, S. ◽  
M.K Abdul Hamid ◽  
A.R Mat Lazim ◽  
A.R. Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Brake wear particles resulting from friction between the brake pad and disc are common in brake system. In this work brake wear particles were analyzed based on the size and shape to investigate the effects of speed and load applied to the generation of brake wear particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the size, shape and element compositions of these particles. Two types of brake pads were studied which are non-asbestos organic and semi metallic brake pads. Results showed that the size and shape of the particles generatedvary significantly depending on the applied brake load, and less significantly on brake disc speed. The wear particle becomes bigger with increasing applied brake pressure. The wear particle size varies from 300 nm to 600 µm, and contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, sulfur and iron.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Transport, a Major Pathway of Microplastics to Remote Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Evangeliou ◽  
Henrik Grythe ◽  
Zbigniew Klimont ◽  
Chris Heyes ◽  
Sabine Eckhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear

In recent years, marine, freshwater and terrestrial pollution with microplastics has been discussed extensively, whereas atmospheric microplastic transport has been largely overlooked. Here, we present the first global simulation of atmospheric transport of microplastic particles produced by road traffic (TWPs – tire wear particles and BWPs – brake wear particles), a major source that can be quantified relatively well. We find a high transport efficiency of these particles to remote regions, such as the Arctic Ocean (14%). About 34% of the emitted coarse TWPs and 30% of the emitted coarse BWPs (100 kt yr-1 and 40 kt yr-1 respectively) were deposited in the World Ocean. These amounts are of similar magnitude as the total estimated terrestrial and riverine transport of TWPs and fibres to the ocean (64 kt yr-1). Atmospheric transport of microplastics is thus an underestimated threat to global terrestrial and marine ecosystems and affects air quality on a global scale, especially considering that other large but highly uncertain emissions of microplastics to the atmosphere exist. High latitudes and the Arctic are highlighted as an important receptor of mid-latitude emissions of road microplastics, which may imply a future climatic risk, considering their affinity to absorb solar radiation and accelerate melting.

scholarly journals Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2356
Author(s):  
Tuo Zhang ◽  
Sungjin Choi ◽  
Seoyeon Ahn ◽  
Chanhyuk Nam ◽  
Geesoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Brake Dynamometer

The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system.

Investigations on the Deposition Behaviour of Brake Wear Particles on the Wheel Surface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hesse ◽  
Christopher Hamatschek ◽  
Toni Feißel ◽  
Hannes Sachse ◽  
Klaus Augsburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Particles ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear

scholarly journals Toxic effects of brake wear particles on epithelial lung cells in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gasser ◽  
Michael Riediker ◽  
Loretta Mueller ◽  
Alain Perrenoud ◽  
Fabian Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Epithelial Lung Cells

Characteristic of Brake Wear Particles under Various Test Driving Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-359
Author(s):  
Sang-Hee Woo ◽  
Yongrae Kim ◽  
Sunyoup Lee ◽  
Young Choi ◽  
Seokhwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wear Particles ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear

scholarly journals Evaluation of temperature effects on brake wear particles using clustered heatmaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689
Author(s):  
Jihoon Shin ◽  
Inhyeok Yim ◽  
Soon-Bark Kwon ◽  
Sechan Park ◽  
Min-soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear

scholarly journals Physical Characterization of Brake-Wear Particles in a PM10 Dilution Tunnel

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Mamakos ◽  
Michael Arndt ◽  
David Hesse ◽  
Klaus Augsburg
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Flow Condensation

A dilution tunnel was designed for the characterization of brake-wear particle emissions up to 10 μm on a brake dyno. The particulate matter emission levels from a single front brake were found to be 4.5 mg/km (1.5 mg/km being smaller than 2.5 μm) over a novel real-world brake cycle, for a commercial Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) pad. Particle Number (PN) emissions as defined in exhaust regulations were in the order of 1.5 to 6 × 109 particles per km per brake (#/km/brake). Concentration levels could exceed the linearity range of full-flow Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) over specific braking events, but remained at background levels for 60% of the cycle. Similar concentrations measured with condensation and optical counters suggesting that the majority of emitted particles were larger the 300 nm. Application of higher braking pressures resulted in elevated PN emissions and the systematic formation of nano-sized particles that were thermally stable at 350 °C. Volatile particles were observed only during successive harsh braking events leading to elevated temperatures. The onset depended on the type of brakes and their prehistory, but always at relatively high disc temperatures (280 to 490 °C).

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