Mapping fire risk of passenger-carried fire load in metro system via floor field cellular automaton

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyan Huang ◽  
Siuming Lo ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Zhijian Fu ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Metro System

Роль декоративно-отделочных, облицовочных материалов стен и потолков, покрытий полов в развитии пожара и формировании его опасных факторов

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Shebeko ◽  
Natalia Konstantinova ◽  
Olga Krivoshapkina
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Wood Composition ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Facing Material

Проанализирована роль декоративно-отделочных, облицовочных материалов и покрытий полов в формировании опасных факторов пожара (ОФП). Проведены расчеты распространения ОФП в модельном помещении с учетом вклада облицовочного материала стен и потолка. Показана возможность применения рассмотренного подхода для моделирования условий (стандартных и нестандартных) испытаний строительных материалов и конструкций на пожарную опасность (например, фасадных систем) и гибкого нормирования при использовании декоративно-отделочных, облицовочных материалов и покрытий полов в зданиях и сооружениях.Article presents the study of the possibility to describe thermal decomposition and thermal oxidation processes of fire load finishing materials by means of the kinetic parameters. These parameters are defined by results of termogravimetric analysis for modeling the dynamics of fire development. Nowadays the problem of modeling the distribution of hazardous fire factors (HFF) in buildings and constructions has wide practical application, however techniques of HFF modeling do not take into account as fire load finishing and facing materials of building and construction premises in development of a fire, so they are not considered at an estimation of safe evacuation of people from buildings and constructions as well as at calculation of fire risk, too. When describing a seat of fire there are used fire hazard indicators having essential uncertainty according to the technical literature sources and experimental data while formation should be based on the possibility of their thermodestruction and thermooxidation under the influence of heat loads of various intensity. At the same time, the speed of the specified processes should be interconnected with values of heat loads. The presented work is of current importance because it is necessary to describe thermodestruction and thermooxidation processes of fire load material at modeling the dynamics of HFF distribution in buildings and constructions by means of kinetic parameters received as the results of thermogravimetric analysis. On the example of calcium silicate and wood composition there are carried out calculations of HFF distribution in a test premise taking into account the contribution of wall and ceiling facing material. There is shown the prevailing, in comparison with a seat of fire, contribution of wall and ceiling facing material to HFF formation at its initial stage which is especially important from the point of view of ensuring safe evacuation of people at fire in buildings and constructions. On the basis of the conducted analysis of research results there are developed proposals for applying the considered approach to model conditions for (standard and non-standard) tests of building materials and structures for fire hazard (for example, front systems) and flexible rationing of use of decorative - finishing and facing materials as well as floor coverings in buildings and structures.

scholarly journals Fire Temperature Based on the Time and Resistance of Buildings—Predicting the Adoption of Fire Safety Measures

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Santarpia ◽  
Simone Bologna ◽  
Virgilio Ciancio ◽  
Iacopo Golasi ◽  
Ferdinando Salata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Fire Temperature ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Opening Factor

During a fire in enclosed spaces, having structures with a good level of resistance is very important. The post flashover fire time interval, during which rescue squads operate, is important to verify if the structure can still resist fire for an acceptable time interval. This can be determined through the REI value. Hence, the way the fire develops must be examined together with the trend of the temperature that might guarantee that the structure will resist the heat flux released during the combustion. This article examines and compares, through a case study, the most important methods for analysis of the fire risk: the prescriptive approach and the simplified performance-based approach. The performance-based method (more suitable for the actual planning demand with respect to the more cautious prescriptive approach) is affected by the parameters influencing its development. The goal of this article is to provide a graph (based on parameters like the type of building, opening factor “O” and fire load “q”) that might be used by designers and architects to carry out the planning phase and adopt fire prevention systems before dealing with the assessments required by the engineering field for the fire risk analysis.

Investigation and Statistical Analysis on Fire Loads of Large-Scale Wholesale Commercial Building

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Yan Qing Bao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Fire Loads

There are lots of various goods in large-scale wholesale market, and all these goods were stacked together. Huge fire loads were formed and there is a great fire risk in this kind of architecture. Through investigation in a large-scale wholesale commercial building in Xi'an, some data such as fire load, fuel types, room size were collected .All these data were analyzed and the types of fuel composition in different kinds of shop were comprehended. The research will contribute to management of fire prevention in wholesale market.

scholarly journals Streamline Simulation and Analysis of Pedestrian Weaving Flow in Large Passenger Terminal

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuanfang Dong ◽  
Hongfei Jia ◽  
Yanzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Streamline Simulation ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emptying Time

A new concept called the extended weaving area is proposed to relieve the conflicts and clogging caused by pedestrian weaving in both time and space in large passenger terminal. The cellular automaton model that considers pedestrian walking habits based on the floor field is adopted. Numerical simulations are carried out in MATLAB environment to explore the relationship between the emptying time and bottleneck setting when four groups of pedestrians walk to four exits through the weaving areas with different settings. It is found that, by using improved extended weaving area settings, the stress of the weaving area could be relieved in both time and space; thus the efficiency of pedestrians passing could be improved. Based on the simulation, the threshold of single bottleneck width in the extended weaving area is also given in this research.

A floor field cellular automaton for crowd evacuation considering different walking abilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 420 ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Fu ◽  
Xiaodong Zhou ◽  
Kongjin Zhu ◽  
Yanqiu Chen ◽  
Yifan Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Floor Field

Simulation study of overtaking in pedestrian flow using floor field cellular automaton model

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Fu ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Hongtai Yang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Moving Path

Properties of pedestrian may change along the moving path, for example, as a result of fatigue or injury, which has never been properly investigated in the past research. The paper attempts to study tactical overtaking in pedestrian flow. That is difficult to be modeled using a microscopic discrete model because of the complexity of the detailed overtaking behavior, and crossing/overlaps of pedestrian routes. Thus, a multi-velocity floor field cellular automaton model explaining the detailed psychical process of overtaking decision was proposed. Pedestrian can be either in normal state or in tactical overtaking state. Without tactical decision, pedestrians in normal state are driven by the floor field. Pedestrians make their tactical overtaking decisions by evaluating the walking environment around the overtaking route (the average velocity and density around the route, visual field of pedestrian) and obstructing conditions (the distance and velocity difference between the overtaking pedestrian and the obstructing pedestrian). The effects of tactical overtaking ratio, free velocity dispersion, and visual range on fundamental diagram, conflict density, and successful overtaking ratio were explored. Besides, the sensitivity analysis of the route factor relative intensity was performed.

Towards a Calibration of the Floor Field Cellular Automaton

2011 ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schadschneider ◽  
C. Eilhardt ◽  
S. Nowak ◽  
R. Will
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Floor Field
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