scholarly journals Sex differences in spatial navigation and perception in human adolescents and emerging adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Sneider ◽  
Derek A. Hamilton ◽  
Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert ◽  
David J. Crowley ◽  
Isabelle M. Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Spatial Navigation

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Manifestation of ADHD in Emerging Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Fedele ◽  
Elizabeth K. Lefler ◽  
Cynthia M. Hartung ◽  
Will H. Canu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emerging Adults

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Anxiety and Depression in Dietary Choices among College Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Keck ◽  
Helize Vivier ◽  
Jeffrey E. Cassisi ◽  
Robert D. Dvorak ◽  
Michael E. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Dietary Choices

This study examines the role of anxiety and depression symptoms in predicting dietary choices in emerging adults while accounting for sex differences in these relationships. Participants were 225 English speaking undergraduates enrolled in a university in southeastern United States. Participants were recruited through an online research recruitment application utilized by the university. Participants volunteered for a two-phased anonymous survey monitoring the effects of eating habits and gastrointestinal health in young adults. As part of this effort, participants completed self-reporting measures related to anxiety and depression, as well as an automated, self-administered 24-h diet recall. Multigroup path analysis was used to test primary hypotheses. Overall, a decrease in total caloric intake and an increase in sugar consumption were found as self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression increased. In addition, there were sex differences in the relationship between depression and food choices. Men consumed more saturated fat as well as less fruits and vegetables as self-reported symptoms of depression increased. Results suggest symptoms of depression are a greater risk factor for poor nutrition in male college students than females. The findings provide another justification to screen for psychological distress in student health services given the implications on behavioral lifestyle and health.

scholarly journals Primate hippocampus size and organization are predicted by sociality but not diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20191712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlin S. Todorov ◽  
Vera Weisbecker ◽  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Karl Zilles ◽  
Alexandra A. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Cornu Ammonis

The hippocampus is well known for its roles in spatial navigation and memory, but it is organized into regions that have different connections and functional specializations. Notably, the region CA2 has a role in social and not spatial cognition, as is the case for the regions CA1 and CA3 that surround it. Here, we investigated the evolution of the hippocampus in terms of its size and organization in relation to the evolution of social and ecological variables in primates, namely home range, diet and different measures of group size. We found that the volumes within the whole cornu ammonis coevolve with group size, while only the volume of CA1 and subiculum can also be predicted by home range. On the other hand, diet, expressed as a shift from folivory towards frugivory, was shown to not be related to hippocampal volume. Interestingly, CA2 was shown to exhibit phylogenetic signal only against certain measures of group size, but not with ecological factors. We also found that sex differences in the hippocampus are related to body size sex dimorphism. This is in line with reports of sex differences in hippocampal volume in non-primates that are related to social structure and sex differences in behaviour. Our findings support the notion that in primates, the hippocampus is a mosaic structure evolving in line with social pressures, where certain subsections evolve in line with spatial ability too.

scholarly journals Primate hippocampus size and organization are predicted by sociality but not diet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlin S. Todorov ◽  
Vera Weisbecker ◽  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Karl Zilles ◽  
Alexandra A. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Cornu Ammonis

AbstractThe hippocampus is well known for its roles in spatial navigation and memory, but it is organized into regions that have different connections and functional specializations. Notably, the region CA2 has a role in social and not spatial cognition, as is the case for the regions CA1 and CA3 that surround it. Here we investigated the evolution of the hippocampus in terms of its size and organization in relation to the evolution of social and ecological variables in primates, namely home range, diet and different measures of group size. We found that the volumes within the whole cornu ammonis coevolve with group size, while only the volume of CA1 and subiculum can also be predicted by home range. On the other hand, diet, expressed as a shift from folivory toward frugivory, was shown to not be related to hippocampal volume. Interestingly, CA2 was shown to exhibit phylogenetic signal only against certain measures of group size but not with ecological factors. We also found that sex differences in the hippocampus are related to body size sex dimorphism. This is in line with reports of sex differences in hippocampal volume in non-primates that are related to social structure and sex differences in behaviour. Our findings support the notion that in primates, the hippocampus is a mosaic structure evolving in line with social pressures, where certain subsections evolve in line with spatial ability too.

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