scholarly journals Action Monitoring in Boys With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Their Nonaffected Siblings, and Normal Control Subjects: Evidence for an Endophenotype

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjoern Albrecht ◽  
Daniel Brandeis ◽  
Henrik Uebel ◽  
Hartmut Heinrich ◽  
Ueli C. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Action Monitoring ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects

Planum temporale asymmetry and ear advantage in dichotic listening in developmental dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORI M. FOSTER ◽  
GEORGE W. HYND ◽  
ALLISON E. MORGAN ◽  
KENNETH HUGDAHL
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ear Advantage ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

The planum temporale is clearly involved in language processing, for it serves as the auditory association cortex. Research has consistently demonstrated that 60 to 70% of the population has leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale. Research has also suggested that dyslexic individuals tend to have either rightward asymmetry or symmetrical plana. Moreover, many studies have found a relationship between the presence of dyslexia and/or language impairment and deficits in the normal right ear advantage found in dichotic listening paradigms. In this context, this study examined the relationship between planum temporale asymmetry and ear preference in dichotic listening performance in children with Developmental Dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Subjects included 19 children with dyslexia (10 of whom had a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD), 23 children with ADHD, and 12 diagnosed normal control children. Dichotic listening data were not collected for 8 of the 12 normal control children and for 3 of the 23 ADHD children. Results revealed no significant difference between ADHD and dyslexic subjects in regard to ear advantage on the free recall dichotic listening task. In addition, although the directed dichotic listening tasks were not related to degree of planum asymmetry, as predicted, results indicated that subjects who consistently displayed an atypical left ear advantage tended to have larger right bank lengths than those who consistently displayed a typical right ear advantage. These findings support the notion that some individuals with dyslexia or language deficits tend to have a larger right planum temporale and that performance on dichotic listening tasks may reflect this relatively unusual pattern. (JINS, 2002, 8, 22–36.)

Impaired and enhanced attentional function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KOSCHACK ◽  
H. J. KUNERT ◽  
G. DERICHS ◽  
G. WENIGER ◽  
E. IRLE
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Background. The symptom domain of inattention in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that there are neuropsychological fields of attention in which subjects with ADHD express deficits. However, studies using differentiated neuropsychological attentional tests in ADHD are lacking.Method. A consecutive series of 35 subjects with ADHD aged 9–12 years were assessed on a computer-driven neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. Their performance was classified according to the data of a normative sample of 187 healthy subjects aged 9–12 years, and compared with the performance of 35 matched healthy control subjects.Results. According to normative data, most ADHD subjects performed on all attentional measures within the normal range. Comparisons with the control group revealed that ADHD subjects reacted faster on all attentional tests, yielding statistical significance for the Go/No go test and the Divided Attention test. They also performed with significantly fewer errors on the Divided Attention test. On the Go/No go test, Visual Scanning test and Attentional Shift test ADHD subjects committed significantly more errors than control subjects.Conclusions. Our results suggest a differential pattern rather than a deficit pattern of attentional functions in ADHD. It is suggested that the more rapid response style of ADHD subjects leads to a more erroneous performance in self-paced attentional tasks and to a better performance in externally paced attentional tasks. However, neuropsychological tests of attention do not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.

Driving-Related Risks and Outcomes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: A 3- to 5-Year Follow-up Survey

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
David C. Guevremont ◽  
Arthur D. Anastopoulos ◽  
George J. DuPaul ◽  
Tern L. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Objective. To determine whether teenagers and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more motor vehicle citations and crashes and are more careless drivers than their normal peers. Design. A comparison of two groups of teenagers and young adults (ADHD and normal) followed up 3 to 5 years after original diagnosis. Setting. A university medical center clinic for ADHD patients. Patients. Thirty-five subjects with ADHD and 36 control subjects between 16 and 22 years of age, all of whom were licensed drivers. Main outcome measures. Parent ratings of current symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder, a survey of various negative driving outcomes, and a rating scale of driving behavior. Results. Subjects with ADHD used less sound driving habits. This deficiency was associated with greater driving-related negative outcomes in all categories surveyed. Subjects with ADHD were more likely than control subjects to have had auto crashes, to have had more such crashes, to have more bodily injuries associated with such crashes, and to be at fault for more crashes than control subjects. They were also more likely to have received traffic citations and received more such citations than control subjects, particularly for speeding. The subgroup of teenagers with ADHD having greater comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms were at highest risk for such deficient driving skills/habits and negative driving-related outcomes. Conclusions. ADHD, and especially its association with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, is associated with substantially increased risks for driving among teenagers and young adults and worthy of attention when clinicians counsel such patients and their parents.

scholarly journals MEG Analysis of Neural Interactions in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Khadmaoui ◽  
Carlos Gómez ◽  
Jesús Poza ◽  
Alejandro Bachiller ◽  
Alberto Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Central Regions

The aim of the present study was to explore the interchannel relationships of resting-state brain activity in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common mental disorders that develop in children. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals were recorded using a 148-channel whole-head magnetometer in 13 patients with ADHD (range: 8–12 years) and 14 control subjects (range: 8–13 years). Three complementary measures (coherence, phase-locking value, and Euclidean distance) were calculated in the conventional MEG frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. Our results showed that the interactions among MEG channels are higher for ADHD patients than for control subjects in all frequency bands. Statistically significant differences were observed for short-distance values within right-anterior and central regions, especially at delta, beta, and gamma-frequency bands (p<0.05; Mann-WhitneyUtest with false discovery rate correction). These frequency bands also showed statistically significant differences in long-distance interactions, mainly among anterior and central regions, as well as among anterior, central, and other areas. These differences might reflect alterations during brain development in children with ADHD. Our results support the role of frontal abnormalities in ADHD pathophysiology, which may reflect a delay in cortical maturation in the frontal cortex.

scholarly journals Study of internet addiction in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Rupesh Enagandula ◽  
GauravW Adgaonkar ◽  
AlkaA Subramanyam ◽  
RavindraM Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narrative discourse in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Coelho ◽  
Paulo Mattos ◽  
Rosemary Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Language Problems

ABSTRACT Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) encompasses other symptoms besides inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, such as language problems. ADHD can have a non-remitting course and is also found in older individuals, although there are no studies on language problems in elderly individuals with the disorder. Objective: To investigate the presence of language impairment in older adults with ADHD. Methods: Language impairment was investigated in three older ADHD adults, and compared with two matched control subjects using a narrative discourse task. The transcript discourses were evaluated based on the Trabasso Model for discourse analysis, and then processed by the Speech Graph Analysis software. Results: Compared to control subjects, ADHD patient discourse had more Plot components and their networks exhibited more Edges. The patients had higher scores on the Narrative Inefficiency, Density and Diameter Indexes as well as on the Average Clustering Coefficient. The networks of control subjects were sequential, with little or no recursiveness, whereas those of ADHD subjects were convoluted. Conclusion: Our results suggest that language deficits described in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD may persist in older adults with the disorder.

Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARNETT ◽  
P. MARUFF ◽  
A. VANCE ◽  
E. S. L. LUK ◽  
J. COSTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Psychostimulant Medication

Objective. This study sought to examine the factors associated with spatial working memory and the use of strategies to impairments in spatial working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The developmental trajectories for spatial working memory in medicated and medication naïve children with ADHD were investigated. In addition, the effect of psychostimulant medication on deficits in spatial working memory was examined.Method. A cross-sectional study compared performance between 21 psychostimulant medicated children with ADHD, 27 medication naïve children with ADHD and 26 matched control subjects on computerized tests of spatial memory and spatial working memory.Results. Compared with the controls, performance in medication naïve children with ADHD was significantly worse on the spatial working memory task. There was no difference in performance between the medicated children with ADHD and the control subjects on this same task, despite the ongoing symptoms of ADHD in the former group. The pattern of normal and abnormal performance in the ADHD groups was age-independent.Conclusions. Deficits in executive functions related to spatial working memory do occur in children with ADHD, although the magnitude of these deficits is not related to the child's age or the level of ADHD symptoms. These deficits were not present in the current sample of children who were receiving psychostimulant medication.

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