scholarly journals Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narrative discourse in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Coelho ◽  
Paulo Mattos ◽  
Rosemary Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Language Problems

ABSTRACT Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) encompasses other symptoms besides inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, such as language problems. ADHD can have a non-remitting course and is also found in older individuals, although there are no studies on language problems in elderly individuals with the disorder. Objective: To investigate the presence of language impairment in older adults with ADHD. Methods: Language impairment was investigated in three older ADHD adults, and compared with two matched control subjects using a narrative discourse task. The transcript discourses were evaluated based on the Trabasso Model for discourse analysis, and then processed by the Speech Graph Analysis software. Results: Compared to control subjects, ADHD patient discourse had more Plot components and their networks exhibited more Edges. The patients had higher scores on the Narrative Inefficiency, Density and Diameter Indexes as well as on the Average Clustering Coefficient. The networks of control subjects were sequential, with little or no recursiveness, whereas those of ADHD subjects were convoluted. Conclusion: Our results suggest that language deficits described in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD may persist in older adults with the disorder.

Impaired and enhanced attentional function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KOSCHACK ◽  
H. J. KUNERT ◽  
G. DERICHS ◽  
G. WENIGER ◽  
E. IRLE
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Background. The symptom domain of inattention in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that there are neuropsychological fields of attention in which subjects with ADHD express deficits. However, studies using differentiated neuropsychological attentional tests in ADHD are lacking.Method. A consecutive series of 35 subjects with ADHD aged 9–12 years were assessed on a computer-driven neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. Their performance was classified according to the data of a normative sample of 187 healthy subjects aged 9–12 years, and compared with the performance of 35 matched healthy control subjects.Results. According to normative data, most ADHD subjects performed on all attentional measures within the normal range. Comparisons with the control group revealed that ADHD subjects reacted faster on all attentional tests, yielding statistical significance for the Go/No go test and the Divided Attention test. They also performed with significantly fewer errors on the Divided Attention test. On the Go/No go test, Visual Scanning test and Attentional Shift test ADHD subjects committed significantly more errors than control subjects.Conclusions. Our results suggest a differential pattern rather than a deficit pattern of attentional functions in ADHD. It is suggested that the more rapid response style of ADHD subjects leads to a more erroneous performance in self-paced attentional tasks and to a better performance in externally paced attentional tasks. However, neuropsychological tests of attention do not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.

scholarly journals Consequences of Co-Occurring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Children's Language Impairments

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Redmond ◽  
Andrea C. Ash ◽  
Tiffany P. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sentence Recall

Purpose Co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and communication disorders represent a frequently encountered challenge for school-based practitioners. The purpose of the present study was to examine in more detail the clinical phenomenology of co-occurring ADHD and language impairments (LIs). Method Measures of nonword repetition, sentence recall, and tense marking were collected from 57 seven- to nine-year-old children. The performances of children with ADHD+LI status were compared with those of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical development (TD). Results ADHD status had no independent detrimental impact on the affected children's LIs (SLI = ADHD+LI < TD). A modest positive correlation was found between the severity of children's ADHD symptoms and their sentence recall performance, suggesting a tendency for affected children who had higher levels of ADHD symptoms to perform better than those children with lower levels. Conclusion These outcomes are difficult to reconcile with attention-deficit/information-processing accounts of the core deficits associated with SLI. Potential protective mechanisms associated with ADHD status are discussed.

scholarly journals Language impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Safaa Refaat El Sady ◽  
Ahlam Abdel-Salam Nabeih ◽  
Eman Mohamed A. Mostafa ◽  
Abdelrahim A. Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Polysomnographic findings in a sample of older adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. e432
Author(s):  
N. Campora ◽  
A. Cabanna Cal ◽  
M. Tanzi ◽  
S. Valiensi ◽  
M.J. Garcia Basalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felippe Mendonca ◽  
Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽  
Gustavo Santiago-Bravo ◽  
Natalia Oliveira ◽  
Naima Assuncao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Age Related

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, which may be associated with life-enduring cognitive dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that age-related cognitive decline may overlap with preexisting deficits in older ADHD patients, leading to increased problems to manage everyday-life activities. This phenomenon may mimic neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This cross-sectional study aims to assess cognitive and behavioral differences between older subjects with ADHD and MCI.Methods: A total of 107 older participants (41 controls; 40 MCI and 26 ADHD; mean age = 67.60 ± 7.50 years; mean schooling = 15.14 ± 2.77 years; 65.4% females) underwent clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessments by a multidisciplinary team at the Memory Clinic, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean scores in neuropsychological tasks and behavioral scales were compared across groups.Results: Participants with ADHD showed poorer performances than controls in episodic memory and executive function with large effect-sizes. Performances were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains.Discussion: MCI and ADHD in older individuals are dissociated clinical entities with overlapping cognitive profiles. Clinicians ought to be aware of these converging phenotypes to avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults compared with controls using the QbTest

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1526-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Bijlenga ◽  
Fredrik Ulberstad ◽  
Lisa B. Thorell ◽  
Hanna Christiansen ◽  
Oliver Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in older adults in the Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Michielsen ◽  
Evert Semeijn ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
Peter van de Ven ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among older adults.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of the syndromatic and symptomatic DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis in older adults in The Netherlands.MethodData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). At baseline, 1494 participants were screened with an ADHD questionnaire and in 231 respondents a structured diagnostic interview was administered. The weighted prevalence of ADHD was calculated.ResultsThe estimated prevalence rate of syndromatic ADHD in older adults was 2.8%; for symptomatic ADHD the rate was 4.2%. Younger elderly adults (60–70 years) reported significantly more ADHD symptoms than older elderly adults (71–94 years).ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study on ADHD in older persons. With a prevalence of 2.8% the study demonstrates that ADHD does not fade or disappear in adulthood and that it is a topic very much worthy of further study.

Driving-Related Risks and Outcomes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: A 3- to 5-Year Follow-up Survey

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
David C. Guevremont ◽  
Arthur D. Anastopoulos ◽  
George J. DuPaul ◽  
Tern L. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Objective. To determine whether teenagers and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more motor vehicle citations and crashes and are more careless drivers than their normal peers. Design. A comparison of two groups of teenagers and young adults (ADHD and normal) followed up 3 to 5 years after original diagnosis. Setting. A university medical center clinic for ADHD patients. Patients. Thirty-five subjects with ADHD and 36 control subjects between 16 and 22 years of age, all of whom were licensed drivers. Main outcome measures. Parent ratings of current symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder, a survey of various negative driving outcomes, and a rating scale of driving behavior. Results. Subjects with ADHD used less sound driving habits. This deficiency was associated with greater driving-related negative outcomes in all categories surveyed. Subjects with ADHD were more likely than control subjects to have had auto crashes, to have had more such crashes, to have more bodily injuries associated with such crashes, and to be at fault for more crashes than control subjects. They were also more likely to have received traffic citations and received more such citations than control subjects, particularly for speeding. The subgroup of teenagers with ADHD having greater comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms were at highest risk for such deficient driving skills/habits and negative driving-related outcomes. Conclusions. ADHD, and especially its association with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, is associated with substantially increased risks for driving among teenagers and young adults and worthy of attention when clinicians counsel such patients and their parents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document