Reprint of: Resting cerebral metabolism correlates with skin conductance and functional brain activation during fear conditioning

Abstract:Reinforcement-related cognitive processes, such as reward processing, impulsiveness and emotional processing are critical components of externalising and internalising behaviours. It is unclear to what extent each of these processes contributes to individual behavioural symptoms, how their neural substrates give rise to distinct behavioural outcomes, and if neural profiles across different reinforcement-related processes might differentiate individual behaviours. We created a statistical framework that enabled us to directly compare functional brain activation during reward anticipation, motor inhibition and viewing of emotional faces in the European IMAGEN cohort of 2000 14-year-old adolescents. We observe significant correlations and modulation of reward anticipation and motor inhibition networks in hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention and conduct symptoms, and describe neural signatures across neuroimaging tasks that differentiate these behaviours. We thus characterise shared and distinct functional brain activation patterns that underlie different externalising symptoms and identify neural stratification markers, while accounting for clinically observed co-morbidity.

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Effects of intolerance of uncertainty on subjective and psychophysiological measures during fear acquisition and delayed extinction

10.31234/osf.io/hj5gt ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maren Klingelhöfer-Jens ◽

Jayne Morriss ◽

Tina B Lonsdorf

Keyword(s):

Fear Conditioning ◽

Skin Conductance ◽

Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽

Acquisition Training ◽

Extinction Training ◽

Future Directions ◽

Psychophysiological Measures ◽

Learned Fear ◽

Startle Blink

Individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) tend to find uncertainty unacceptable and aversive. In recent years, research has shed light on the role of IU in modulating subjective (i.e. expectancy ratings) and psychophysiological responses (i.e. skin conductance) across different classical fear conditioning procedures, particularly that of immediate extinction. However, there remain gaps in understanding how IU, in comparison to other negative emotionality traits (STAI-T), impact different types of subjective and psychophysiological measures during different classical fear conditioning procedures. Here, we analyzed IU, STAI-T, subjective (i.e. fear ratings) and psychophysiological (i.e. skin conductance, auditory startle blink) data recorded during fear acquisition training and 24h-delayed extinction training (n = 66). Higher IU, over STAI-T, was: (1) significantly associated with greater fear ratings to the learned fear cue during fear acquisition training, and (2) at trend associated with greater fear ratings to the learned fear versus safe cue during delayed extinction training. Both IU and STAI-T were not related to skin conductance or auditory startle blink during fear acquisition training and delayed extinction training. These results add to and extend our current understanding of the role of IU on subjective and physiological measures during different fear conditioning procedures, particularly that of delayed extinction training. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.

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A New Algorithm as an Extension to the Gradient Descent Method for Functional Brain Activation Classification

IFMBE Proceedings - 25th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference 2009, 15 – 17 May 2009, Miami, Florida, USA ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-01697-4_44 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 125-128

Author(s):

M. Z. Goryawala ◽

M. R. Guillen ◽

X. You ◽

M. Adjouadi

Keyword(s):

Gradient Descent ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Descent Method ◽

Gradient Descent Method ◽

Functional Brain

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Real-Time Dual-Wavelength Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography System for Functional Brain Imaging Based on Probe-Hosted Silicon Photomultipliers

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20102815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2815

Author(s):

David Orive-Miguel ◽

Laura Di Sieno ◽

Anurag Behera ◽

Edoardo Ferocino ◽

Davide Contini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Optical Tomography ◽

Diffuse Optical Tomography ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Dual Wavelength ◽

Silicon Photomultipliers ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Tomography System

Near-infrared diffuse optical tomography is a non-invasive photonics-based imaging technology suited to functional brain imaging applications. Recent developments have proved that it is possible to build a compact time-domain diffuse optical tomography system based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) detectors. The system presented in this paper was equipped with the same eight SiPM probe-hosted detectors, but was upgraded with six injection fibers to shine the sample at several points. Moreover, an automatic switch was included enabling a complete measurement to be performed in less than one second. Further, the system was provided with a dual-wavelength (670 n m and 820 n m ) light source to quantify the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration evolution in the tissue. This novel system was challenged against a solid phantom experiment, and two in-vivo tests, namely arm occlusion and motor cortex brain activation. The results show that the tomographic system makes it possible to follow the evolution of brain activation over time with a 1 s -resolution.

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