Preliminary study on the temperature relationship at remotely-sensed tree canopy and below-canopy air and ground surface

2021 ◽  
pp. 108169
Author(s):  
Pui Kwan Cheung ◽  
C.Y. Jim ◽  
Pui Lam Hung
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Temperature Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Study

Preliminary Study on Long-Term Flooding After the Tsunami

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Baba ◽  
Junichi Taniguchi ◽  
Noriko Kusunoki ◽  
Manabu Miyoshi ◽  
Hiroshi Aki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Waveforms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nankai Earthquake

After the Nankai earthquake in 1946, the resultant flooding lasted for a long time, because seawater remained on land after the tsunami in Kochi city. Large-scale flooding occurred in Ishinomaki city immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Long-term flooding may hamper disaster responses such as rescue and recovery activities. This paper studied the risks of long-term flooding after the Nankai earthquake in Tokushima city based on a paleographical survey and numerical analysis. The paleographical survey identified statements such as “seawater sometimes flowed onto the land at the full tide,” suggesting occurrences of long-term flooding after previous Nankai earthquakes. The numerical analysis separately calculated values inside and outside the levee. The tsunami waveforms outside the analysis area obtained by tsunami numerical simulation was used as the boundary condition of the inland flow modeling, that is water was introduced inside the levee when the tsunami water level exceeded the upper end of the levee. The two layers of ground surface and the drain were defined to calculate the flow, including water exchange between the two layers, and the water was drained forcefully outside the levee using a drainage pump. The possibility of long-term flooding in the analysis area is suggested when a large-scale earthquake occurs in the Nankai trough.

scholarly journals A Custom-built Scanner for the Estimation of the Radiation Intercepted by a Tree Canopy

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 531D-531
Author(s):  
Rita Giuliani ◽  
Eugenio Magnanini ◽  
Luca Corelli Grappadelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Mathcad Software ◽  
Radiation Sensors

This work proposes a methodology, by light-scanning below the canopy, to directly estimate the photon flux radiation (400–1200 nm) intercepted by single or row canopies. The system is based on the assumption that the light intercepted by the canopy, at a particular time, corresponds to the difference between the incoming potential radiation on a ground surface area (able to include the ground area shaded by the canopy), and the actual radiation influx to that area in presence of the canopy. To this purpose, light-scanning equipment has been designed, built, and tested, whose main components are two aligned multi-sensor bars (1.2 m long) and a CR10 data logger, equipped with an AM 416 Relay Multiplexer (Campbell Sci. Ltd., U.K.). The radiation sensors (BPW 14N TELEFUNKEN) were chosen because of their spectral sensitivity, along with low cost. The sensors have been placed along the bars, at 5-cm intervals, and fitted with a Teflon® diffuser to provide a cosine correction. Radiation measurements are taken moving parallelly the bars on the ground, step by step, to monitor a sample point grid (5 cm by step length). Preliminary radiation scans were taken during the summer in a 3-year-old peach orchard, trained as delayed vasette. Measurements were taken for a single canopy at various hours of the day. Moreover, radiation scans were taken at the same hour, over a 3-day timespan, while gradually defoliating the canopy. A custom-built software program has been developed for data handling. Mathcad software (Mathsoft Inc., U.S.) has been used to display the canopy shade image projected on the ground, the quantum map of the monitored area, and to calculate the light influx on the whole canopy. Moreover, the light spots on the ground determined by foliage gaps have been identified and the amount of radiation reaching the ground has been be estimated.

Preliminary study of Grid computing for remotely sensed information

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 3613-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xue ◽  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
Yanguang Wang ◽  
Chaolin Wu ◽  
Yincui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Grid Computing ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals A LIDAR-Based Tree Canopy Characterization under Simulated Uneven Road Condition: Advance in Tree Orchard Canopy Profile Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yue Shen ◽  
Destaw Addis ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Fida Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Attitude Angle ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Offset Correction

In real outdoor canopy profile detection, the accuracy of a LIDAR scanner to measure canopy structure is affected by a potentially uneven road condition. The level of error associated with attitude angles from undulations in the ground surface can be reduced by developing appropriate correction algorithm. This paper proposes an offline attitude angle offset correction algorithm based on a 3D affine coordinate transformation. The validity of the correction algorithm is verified by conducting an indoor experiment. The experiment was conducted on an especially designed canopy profile measurement platform. During the experiment, an artificial tree and a tree-shaped carved board were continuously scanned at constant laser scanner travel speed and detection distances under simulated bumpy road conditions. Acquired LIDAR laser scanner raw data was processed offline by exceptionally developed MATLAB program. The obtained results before and after correction method show that the single attitude angle offset correction method is able to correct the distorted data points in tree-shaped carved board profile measurement, with a relative error of 5%, while the compound attitude angle offset correction method is effective to reduce the error associated with compound attitude angle deviation from the ideal scanner pose, with relative error of 7%.

The Cooling Effect of Tree Canopy on Thermal Environment in View of Enthalpy

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Chih Hong Huang ◽  
Yu Lun Chien ◽  
Yi Ting Hunag
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetation Canopy ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment

The influence of vegetation canopy on environment is a blend of factors by blocking off evaporation and radiation which represents various degrees of effectiveness as an imperative cooling source in canopy, shade area and ground surface to improve the urban thermal environment. The research was conducted on the view of enthalpy to evaluate the cooling effect of vegetation commonly applied to temperature reduction strategy and to describe the changes of energy in the air more precisely. Trees on campus were the sample of the experiment, utilized to measure the temperature, humidity and enthalpy value of the canopy. The energy status within canopy was analyzed by Gird TIN Default from Map info Professional software. The disproportion of enthalpy value found between vegetation canopy and the control group was 6.43kJ/kg under the condition of outdoor temperature below 31°C and wind velocity less than 3m/s, equivalent to a temperature reduction of 4.86°C in the dry air of balanced state. Canopy center with 17.87kg, equivalent to 13900L, of lower enthalpy content can improve urban thermal environment by energy balancing if the volume of air was taken into account. The massive volume of cooling air between ground surface and the top of canopy has great potentials shown in vegetation as in improvement in thermal environment with the direction of wind field. It will benefit urban cities from creating massive volume of cooling source if the volume of cooling air can be employed as an assessment guide in the prospective planning and designing.

Vegetation development on reclaimed lands in the Coal Valley Mine of western Alberta, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Strong
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Reduced Height

Revegetated lands within the Coal Valley Mine were sampled for species composition, woody plant frequencies, and tree heights. The vegetation on 68 sampled sites was dominated by a mixture of Festuca rubra L. and Trifolium repens L. Four distinctive plant communities were present. A Lodgepole pine/Willow/Lindley's aster community represented the most advanced stage of forest development, having a multilayered structure and composed primarily of indigenous species, although only 19 years old. Deciduous shrubs and trees (<50 cm tall) occurred on 43% of the sites (mean 364 plants/ha). Salicaceae were the primary species. Total plant cover averaged >85% in all community types with plant litter covering >75% of the ground surface. There were 123 plant species found growing on the mine with 77% indigenous species, although they represented <5% of the total vegetation cover. The height of planted Pinus contorta Loudon and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss were modelled over a 24-year period. Both species had reduced height growth and significant attrition for several years after planting. On average, however, surviving trees had 8- and 14-year heights similar to local provincial reforestation standards. It is hypothesized that tree canopy closure is a key factor in facilitating the naturalization of forest understory vegetation on reclaimed lands.Key words: succession, plant community development, afforestation, perturbation.

scholarly journals FRUIT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF `GRANNY SMITH' APPLES IN RESPONSE TO TREE CANOPY LIGHT MICROCLIMATE.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134g-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izso ◽  
Fenton Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Light Level ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Old Trees

A preliminary study suggested light distribution (400-700nm) did not change from terminal bud set (July) to harvest (9/9/88). Therefore, limbs of 5-year-old trees were shaded the last 90 days of the season in 1988 and 7-year-old trees were shaded the last 60 days in 1989 with 30, 63, 95% or no shadecloth. Medium (63%) and heavy (95%) shade decreased fruit weight both years. Fruit soluble solids (SSC) decreased with increasing shade in 1988 but not in 1989 until after 60 days of storage. Fruit peel chlorophyll (chl) declined with time for all treatments. Apples from full sun and heavy shade treatments had the lowest chl and visually appeared the lightest. Evidence from both years suggested there was an optimal light level between 37-70% full sun for maximum fruit color and chl. Link of 7-year-old trees were shaded at intervals, light all season, mid-season and late season. Fruit weight and firmness were not affected by time of shading. SSC was liner for mid-season shaded fruit. Chl was highest for late season shaded fruit but differences evaporated by 90 days of storage.

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