Comparative assessment of acute and chronic ecotoxicity of water soluble fractions of diesel and biodiesel on Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Aromatic amines (anilines and related derivates) are an important class of environmental pollutants that can be released to the aquatic environment as industrial effluents or as breakdown products of pesticides and dyes. The toxicities of aniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline and 3,5-dichloroaniline towards a multitrophic test battery comprised of bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri (formerly Vibrio fischeri), a ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and two crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus) were investigated. Under the applied test conditions, the toxicities of the anilines notably varied among the test species. The bacteria and protozoa were much less sensitive towards the anilines than the crustaceans: EC50 values 13-403 mg L-1 versus 0.13-15.2 mg L-1. No general tendency between toxicity and the chemical structure of the anilines (the degree of chloro-substitution and the position of the chloro-substituents) was found in the case of all the tested aquatic species. The replacement of the artificial test medium (ATM) by the river water remarkably decreased the toxicity of anilines to crustaceans but not to protozoa. This research is part of the EU 6th Framework Integrated Project OSIRIS, in which ecotoxicogenomic studies of anilines (e.g., for Daphnia magna) will also be performed that may help to clarify the mechanisms of toxicity of different anilines.

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Benzo [a] Pyrene- carcinogenic and mutagenic equivalents of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to water soluble fractions of Nigerian Bonny Light crude oil BLCO

SDRP Journal of Aquaculture Fisheries & Fish Science ◽

10.25177/jaffs.3.1.ra.10592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 186-191

Author(s):

Christopher Onyemaechi Ezike ◽

Awere Sylvernus U ◽

Nwosu Callistus

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Light Crude Oil ◽

Soluble Fractions

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General pharmacological profiles of bee venom and its water soluble fractions in rodent models

Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.4142/jvs.2004.5.4.309 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 309 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hyun Woo Kim ◽

Young Bae Kwon ◽

Tae Won Ham ◽

Dae Hyun Roh ◽

Seo Yeon Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

Bee Venom ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Soluble Fractions ◽

Pharmacological Profiles

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Effect heat stress on subcellular localization of Ca2+ in tomato fruits

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1998.028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (3-4) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grażyna Garbaczewska ◽

Danuta Chołuj ◽

Zofia Starck

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Subcellular Localization ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Cell Ultrastructure ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tomato Fruits ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Saturated Atmosphere ◽

Experimental Treatments ◽

Soluble Fractions

The aim of this paper was to compare the fruit cell ultrastructure and subcellular localization of Ca2+ after heat stress with the use of the potassium antimonate method (Slocum and Roux 1982, Tretyn et al. 1992). The tomato plants Robin cv., relatively tolerant to heat stress, were grown under uncontrolled greenhouse conditions to the stage of fruiting. The plants were placed for 20h in two temperature regimes: 23oC (optimal temperature) or 40oC (heat stress) in darkness, under water vapour saturated atmosphere. Immediately after heat stress the fruits were harvested to estimate water soluble and insoluble calcium contents and subcellular localization of Ca2+. After heating the concentration of calcium in tomato fruits increased about twice. In both temperature treatments the water soluble fractions were lower than insoluble ones at smaller differences between insoluble and soluble fractions after heat stress. The shapes and localization of Ca2+ detected with the use of potassium antimonate method show that in fruits of control plants the precipitates were numerous, small and of oval shape. They were dispersed in cytosol or adjoined to endoplasmic reticulum or to external membrane of chloroplast. In the fruit of heated plants the precipitates were irregular in shape, amorphous and singly dispersed in the cytosol. We observed also some cytological changes in the structure of membranes and organelles of the plants of both experimental treatments. The heat induced increase of calcium content and the changes in subcellular localization of Ca2+ under heat stress suggest that calcium ions may be involved in avoiding heat injury. The problem requires more detailed further investigations.

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