Impact of foot progression angle on the distribution of plantar pressure in normal children

Walking and running, two essential exercises in daily training for athletes, are major causes to foot injuries. The plantar pressure center (PPC) can accurately reflect the gait process, and effectively measure the function of foot. This paper measures the PPC trajectories of a total of 45 athletes during the support period of walking and running, and analyzes their regularities under different exercise modes. The time percentage of PPC trajectory and foot progression angle were selected as the main observation indices. The support period under each exercise mode was divided into four phases: the initial contact phase (ICP), the forefoot contact phase (FFCP), the foot flat phase (FFP), and the forefoot push off phase (FFPOP). The statistical analysis shows that: Under the running mode, the time of the heel landing on the ground and the relative load on the heel decrease with the growing speed. Under the same exercise mode, the left and right feet differ slightly in the PPC trajectory; the foot progression angle peaks in FFPOP and minimizes in FFP. In ICP and FFPOP, the foot progression angle under running is smaller than that under walking; in FFP and FFCP, the foot progression angle under running is larger than that under walking. The research results provide the scientific basis for the reasonable arrangement of athlete training.

Download Full-text

Effects of Selected Rhinologic Disorders on the Perception of Nasal Resonance in Children

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1501.44 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael P. Rastatter ◽

Melvin Hyman

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Normal Children ◽

Nasal Resonance

A group of sophisticated listeners judged the nasal resonance characteristics of normal children versus children evidencing selected rhinologic disorders under three speaking conditions. Results showed that perceptions of denasality are influenced by both speakers and speaking tasks. That is, children with allergic rhinitis and edemic adenoids were perceived as being denasal when they produced VCV utterances and recited sentences. However, their resonance characteristics were deemed normal for vowel productions. Interestingly, children with severely deviated septums were judged to have normal nasal resonance under all speaking conditions. Clinical implications are discussed.

Download Full-text

Responses of Language-Disordered Children to Wh-Questions

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1702.95 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 95-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martha M. Parnell ◽

James D. Amerman ◽

Roger D. Harting

Keyword(s):

Relative Difficulty ◽

Normal Children ◽

Cognitive Linguistic ◽

Wh Questions

Nineteen language-disordered children aged 3—7 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources based on immediacy and visual availability. Three and 4-year-olds produced significantly fewer functionally appropriate and functionally accurate answers than did the 5- and 6-year-olds. Generally, questions asked with reference to nonobservable persons, actions, or objects appeared the most difficult. Why, when, and what happened questions were the most difficult of the nine wh-forms. In comparison with previous data from normal children, the language-disordered subjects' responses were significantly less appropriate and accurate. The language-disordered children also appeared particularly vulnerable to the increased cognitive/linguistic demands of questioning directed toward nonimmediate referents. A hierarchy of wh-question forms by relative difficulty was very similar to that observed for normal children. Implications for wh-question assessment and intervention are discussed.

Download Full-text

Phonological and Spatial Processing Abilities in Language- and Reading-Impaired Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.5303.316 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 316-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Alan G. Kamhi ◽

Hugh W. Catts ◽

Daria Mauer ◽

Kenn Apel ◽

Betholyn F. Gentry

Keyword(s):

Phonological Processing ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Normal Children ◽

Language Impaired ◽

Word Repetition ◽

Paper Folding ◽

Syllable Segmentation ◽

Processing Abilities ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Better Than

In the present study, we further examined (see Kamhi & Catts, 1986) the phonological processing abilities of language-impaired (LI) and reading-impaired (RI) children. We also evaluated these children's ability to process spatial information. Subjects were 10 LI, 10 RI, and 10 normal children between the ages of 6:8 and 8:10 years. Each subject was administered eight tasks: four word repetition tasks (monosyllabic, monosyllabic presented in noise, three-item, and multisyllabic), rapid naming, syllable segmentation, paper folding, and form completion. The normal children performed significantly better than both the LI and RI children on all but two tasks: syllable segmentation and repeating words presented in noise. The LI and RI children performed comparably on every task with the exception of the multisyllabic word repetition task. These findings were consistent with those from our previous study (Kamhi & Catts, 1986). The similarities and differences between LI and RI children are discussed.

Download Full-text