Evaluation of Chemical Quality on Juices and Wine Produced from Mamao Fruit (Antidesma Puncticulatum Miq.) Within Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The chemical quality of juices and wine produced from Mamao fruit was evaluated by Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR). The calibration equation was created by the cross-validation method to be si+mulated the accuracy. Statistical values composed of correlation coefficient (R), standard error of cross-validation (SECV) and bias were used. Brix values and acidity values of Mao juice and the Brix, acidity, and alcohol values of Mao wine products were evaluated through the standard and cross-validation relation. It was found that was observed with NIR spectrometer to be absorbed in the same IR wavelength (1450 nm) which indicated that the water is the main composition. Based on FT-NIR analysis, the spectrum latices of juices and wine were revealed in the same range of the absorption bands at 1450 nm and 1940 nm to be confirmed the water composition. Also, the FT-NIR spectra from region 2258-2312 nm in Mao wine product have been predicted to the Ethanol functions.

A High Speed Underwater Wireless Communication Through a Novel Hybrid Opto-Acoustic Modem Using MIMO-OFDM

For efficient underwater opto/acoustic communication, this research proposes the use of MIMO in conjunction with OFDM. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems may be widely used in wireless networks to provide high data transfer rates, resistance to multipath fading, and an increase in the channel's Spatial Multiplexing and Spatial Diversity Gain. Transmission speed can be increased by altering bandwidth or spectral efficiency (or both) in wireless data transmission systems. Systems that use Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technologies have the potential to improve spectral efficiency by employing several transmitters and receivers in tandem. To maximize spectrum efficiency and minimize inter-symbol interference, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) divides signals into a number of narrow band channels (ISI). In other words, combining the benefits of MIMO with OFDM will boost spectral efficiency while also increasing the link's dependability and spectral gain. MIMO and OFDM approaches are integrated in this research to increase opto-acoustic modem performance. MATLAB Simulink tool was used to design and simulate the proposed hybrid opto-acoustic modem with MIMO-OFDM for optical and acoustic (EM) signal transmission and reception. The simulation results verify the viability of the proposed method, and the measured bit-error rate (BER) for acoustic (EM) signal is 0.4958 and optical signal is 0.5101. The overall bandwidth of the system is from -150 MHz to +150 MHz.

Experimental Determination and Modeling of the Moisture-Sorption Isotherms and Isosteric Heat of Tobacco Leaves

During a forced convection sun drying and storage operation, the equilibrium water content of a product to be dried is critical. These figures are frequently derived using isothermal sorption curves. The calculation of isotherms is a necessary step in determining the distribution and intensity of water connections in products. for that this paper concentrates on the experimental determination of the adsorption-desorption isotherms for various temperatures (40, 50, and 60℃) of the Nicotiana Tabacum L plants. From which we had established the relationship between the water activity and the water content in the product. However, the aforementioned determination was carried out by the static gravimetric method. Eight saturated salt solutions have been utilized in applications such as (KOH, KCl, MgCl2, MgNO3, K2CO3, BaCl2, K2SO4, and NaCl). Hygroscopic equilibrium was completed after 13 days for temperature 40℃, 11 days for 50℃, and 9 days for 60℃. The overall experimental sorption curves are summarized by six models (HENDERSON, modified HALSEY, OSWIN, GAB, modified BET, and PELEG). The sorption isotherms built using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation were used to determine the net isosteric temperatures of desorption and adsorption of Nicotiana Tabacum L. The results for the adsorption-desorption isotherms found are type III according to IUAPC. Following the smoothing of the experimental results by different used models, it was found that the models of GAB and Peleg allow having the lowest mean relative errors and correlation coefficient.

An Optimized Feed Hexagonal Antenna with Defective Ground Plane for UWB Body Area Network Application

Body area network has facilitated monitoring, authentication and security through sensors or microstrip antenna with specified frequency. The purpose of this research work is to propose a simplified way to search for an optimal length of the inset for edge feeding using the Evolutionary Algorithm search by minimizing the reflection coefficient using ANSYS HFSS. The optimal inset length resulted in an antenna with better radiation efficiency and wider bandwidth. The antenna structure is 70x70x1.6 mm3, with a modified ground. The purpose of this antenna is communication in Ultra-wideband and works in 5.4, 8.1, and 9.8 GHz bands respectively. The resonant bandwidth measured are 1.02, 0.28, 0.12 GHz, respectively. Simultaneously the achievable gains are 3.18, 7.81, and 19.95 dB, respectively in free space. As the antenna is of wearable type, the front-to-back ratio evaluated for each band is 2.31, 7.01, and 13.91 respectively. The results of the fabricated antenna agree with the simulated results. The specific absorption rates at resonant frequencies were observed to be 0.3, 0.56 and 0.24 W/kg respectively when antenna is placed on a human tissue model. The antenna is useful for on-body communication at ISM band, and high data rate off-body communication in body area networks.

Development of Conventional Controller Based on Image Processing for Monitoring and Controlling Burning Zone Temperature in a Cement Plant in Rotary Kiln Process Through IOT

In the cement factories, a rotary kiln is a pyro-processing device that is used to raise the temperature of the materials in a continuous process. Temperature monitoring is an essential process in the rotary kiln to yield high quality clinker and it has been implemented using various image processing techniques. In this paper we are measuring and controlling the temperature of rotational kiln in cement industry to get proper clinker ouput. Burning zone flame images are captured using CCD(Charge Coupled Device) camera and are processed using image processing with PID(Proportion Integration and Derivative) controller and which are programmed on raspberry pi card with the help of python language, also the captured images and attributes are transferred to authorized mobile/pc through Raspberry PI by selecting the IP address of mobile or PC. All the attributes received in the mobile in the form of web page the according to the object following data temperature controlled and object is ceaselessly followed to get the proper clinker output. Picture handling calculation with Open cv, as indicated by the calculation the edge estimation of the camera is settled. The frame value of the camera is set. Conversion from RGB color space to HSV color space is achieved and the reference color threshold value is determined. The range esteem estimated by the camera is contrasted and the reference esteem. In this study temp of rotational kiln is measured effectively using PID controller, this controller continuously control the temperature of revolving kiln by varying the i/p images of burning zone at finally fix one flame which is giving 1400degc.

Innovative Instrument for the Field Continuous Monitoring of Dissolved Gases in Environmental Studies

Dissolved gases are particularly relevant tools for the investigation of environmental processes. Indeed, their solubility being a function of the variables of physical state of the medium (temperature, pressure, salinity), the dissolved noble gases are for instance good indicators of equilibrium conditions with the atmosphere and mixing of water bodies. Dissolved gases can also inform the biogeochemical functioning of natural systems by providing information on major processes such as photosynthesis, respiration or denitrification. Classical methods relying on the sampling, the storage and the ex situ analysis of water samples for the measurement of dissolved gases suffer from the difficulty of taking sufficiently frequent and representative samples as well as the analyte preservation. High-frequency in situ measurement of dissolved gases is therefore the most relevant for the study of environmental processes. The use of Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer (MIMS) technology provides access to high frequency measurements of a large set of dissolved gases in the field (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO2, CH4, N2O, H2) which offers a real opportunity for environmental studies.

Development of Sampling and Analysis Methods to Identify and Quantify Gas Emissions in the Sewerage Network Développement de Méthodes

Increasing population and urbanization have direct consequences on the sewer functioning. In order to identify and quantify gases and VOCs likely to be present in the sewers, methodological studies of sampling in sewer using airbags, canisters and adsorbent tubes were assessed, and methods of analysis by GC-MS were developed. The results obtained lead to propose improvements to sampling protocols in the sewers. The gas quantification is complicated by low gas concentrations, environment heterogeneity and a high hygrometry.

Machine Learning MOSA Monitoring System

This research paper deals with the problem of Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) condition monitoring and a new methodology in surge arrester monitoring and diagnostics is presented. A machine learning algorithm (back propagation regression) is used to estimate the non-linearity coefficient of the surge arrester, based on operating voltage and leakage current of the arrester. Using a simulated system, this research investigates the possibility of application and efficiency of machine learning. It is shown that the applied learning algorithm results are competitive with the model results parameters calculated as R2 = 0.999 and mean absolute real error computed as 0.005 which has shown that the proposed model can be used for MOSA monitoring and diagnostic purposes.