Widespread circulation of pertussis in Finland during 1968-1972 when the whole cell vaccine was in use

The rate of adverse reactions and the immunogenicity of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine as compared with a plain whole-cell vaccine and a placebo were evaluated for primary immunization in 319 6-month-old infants in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The acellular vaccine produced few and mild systemic and local reactions. Fever (≥38°C) occurred in 6% to 8% of acellular vaccinees as opposed to 25% to 37% of whole-cell vaccinees. Redness (≥1 cm) appeared in 2% to 13% of the acellular vaccine and 24% to 32% of the whole-cell vaccine recipients. Antibody response to pertussis toxin measured in a neutralization test was obtained in 97% to 100% of the infants receiving either two or three doses of the acellular vaccine as compared to 59% after three doses of whole-cell vaccine.

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PERTUSSIS INCIDENCE AND THE EFFECT OF REVACCINATION OF PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL CHILDREN

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity ◽

10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-284-294 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 284-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

А. M. Kostinov ◽

M. P. Kostinov

Keyword(s):

Favorable Effect ◽

Cell Vaccine ◽

School Age ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Whole Cell Vaccine ◽

Cytomegalovirus Infections

The review is devoted to the analysis of pertussis incidence of children in the age group of 5–7, as well as strategies of DTP immunization with the help of the drugs in foreign countries. Mass vaccination against pertussis began in the middle of the 20th century, which contributed to a reduction in incidence and mortality rate from this infection. However, in the last decade, there has been an opposite tendency of increasing incidence of patients among children under school age, school age and adults. Atypical forms of the disease and complications due to ARVI, respiratory mycoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections are described in the review. Various strategies for the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines as part of DTP drugs are described, as well as the epidemiological effect of introducing an additional booster dose of vaccine to children under school age. The expediency of revaccination of children aged 6–7 in Russia is argued, which can help to reduce the overall incidence of pertussis. The research materials related to the study of the properties of acellular anti-pertussis vaccine, such as immunogenicity and safety in comparison with whole-cell vaccine, are analyzed. The main drugs and their composition, which are used to vaccinate children against pertussis, are described in the review. It is assumed, that the increase in the incidence among children and teenagers, with the appearance of atypical forms of pertussis, is associated with a number of factors, such as the spread of new genotypes of Bordetella pertussis bacterium, emerged from mutations, as well as short duration of immunity after vaccination with acellular drugs, in comparison with whole-cell, and the use of more modern methods of detecting the pathogen. The mechanisms of the immune response due to different types of pertussis vaccines are also reviewed. It is concluded, that revaccination of children aged 6–7 with an additional fifth dose of an acellular vaccine against pertussis, as part of the DTaP instead of the Td drug, which is regulated in the National Calendar of preventive vaccinations, will have a favorable effect on the epidemic situation with pertussis infection in Russia.

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A Self-Assembling Whole-Cell Vaccine Antigen Presentation Platform

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00752-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 200 (15) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Liao ◽

Daniel R. Smith ◽

Jóhanna Brynjarsdóttir ◽

Paula I. Watnick

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Cell Vaccine ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Content Type ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Whole Cell Vaccine ◽

Common Infection

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is the most common infection in children under the age of 5 years worldwide. In spite of this, only a few vaccines to treat infectious diarrhea exist, and many of the available vaccines are sparingly and sporadically administered. Major obstacles to the development and widespread implementation of vaccination include the ease and cost of production, distribution, and delivery. Here we present a novel, customizable, and self-assembling vaccine platform that exploits theVibrio choleraebacterial biofilm matrix for antigen presentation. We use this technology to create a proof-of-concept, live-attenuated whole-cell vaccine that is boosted by spontaneous association of a secreted protein antigen with the cell surface. Sublingual administration of this live-attenuated vaccine to mice confers protection againstV. choleraechallenge and elicits the production of antigen-specific IgA in stool. The platform presented here enables the development of antigen-boosted vaccines that are simple to produce and deliver, addressing many of the obstacles to vaccination against diarrheal diseases. This may also serve as a paradigm for the development of broadly protective biofilm-based vaccines against other mucosal infections.IMPORTANCEDiarrheal disease is the most common infection afflicting children worldwide. In resource-poor settings, these infections are correlated with cognitive delay, stunted growth, and premature death. With the development of efficacious, affordable, and easily administered vaccines, such infections could be prevented. While a major focus of research on biofilms has been their elimination, here we harness the bacterial biofilm to create a customizable platform for cost-effective, whole-cell mucosal vaccines that self-incorporate secreted protein antigens. We use this platform to develop a sublingually administered live-attenuated prototype vaccine based onVibrio cholerae. This serves not only as a proof of concept for a multivalent vaccine against common bacterial enteric pathogens but also as a paradigm for vaccines utilizing other bacterial biofilms to target mucosal infections.

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