Resident doctors' duty hours; the need for a balanced approach

Every commodity or goods has intake of water i.e. either in processing or furnished stage. Thus, the present study propensities macro-level (states-level) water footprint (WFP) assessment of selected eight crops namely, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Millets, Rice, Sorghum, Soybeans and Tea. The aim of present research is to assess water use in selected crops at field level. In addition, the spatial evaluation at state level also considered as one of the significant objective to understand regional disparity and/or similarly. Methodology and approach of assessment was adopted from Water Footprint Assessment Manual (2011). Data was collected from state Agricultural Directorate, National Bureau of Soil Survey and landuse, published reports and online database such as FAOSTAT, WMO, WFN, and agriculture census. Results show that green component of WFP contributes large fraction as about 72 percent, while blue and grey component amounted of about 19 and 9 percent of the total water consumption, respectively. Moreover, spatial variability of blue, green and grey among the states assimilated by soil regime and climate barriers. Supply of blue water is high where the region imparted to semi-arid or arid land. Consequently, a balanced approach between green and blue water use has been recommended in the present study to address increasing water demand in the future.

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Summary and conclusions

10.1093/oso/9780198818014.003.0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas F. Babor ◽

Jonathan Caulkins ◽

Benedikt Fischer ◽

David Foxcroft ◽

Keith Humphreys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Drug Policy ◽

Drug Users ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Drug Supply ◽

The Public ◽

Balanced Approach

Among the 47 options reviewed in this book, most show some evidence of effectiveness in at least one country, but the evidence is less than definitive for many others, either because the interventions are ineffective, or the research is inadequate. Unfortunately, policies that have shown little or no evidence of effectiveness continue to be the preferred options of many countries and international organizations. The evidence reviewed in this book supports two overarching conclusions. First, an integrated and balanced approach to evidence-informed drug policy is more likely to benefit the public good than uncoordinated efforts to reduce drug supply and demand. Second, by shifting the emphasis toward a public health approach, it may be possible to reduce the extent of illicit drug use, prevent the escalation of new epidemics, and avoid the unintended consequences arising from the marginalization of drug users through severe criminal penalties.

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Climate Change Sustainability: From Bargaining to Cooperative Balanced Approach

Games ◽

10.3390/g12020045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Tiziana Ciano ◽

Massimiliano Ferrara ◽

Mariangela Gangemi ◽

Domenica Stefania Merenda ◽

Bruno Antonio Pansera

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cooperative Game Theory ◽

Research Field ◽

Future Research ◽

Open Problems ◽

Cooperative Approach ◽

Change Dynamics ◽

Bargaining Solutions ◽

Balanced Approach ◽

Competitive Bargaining

This work aims to provide different perspectives on the relationships between cooperative game theory and the research field concerning climate change dynamics. New results are obtained in the framework of competitive bargaining solutions and related issues, moving from a cooperative approach to a competitive one. Furthermore, the dynamics of balanced and super-balanced games are exposed, with particular reference to coalitions. Some open problems are presented to aid future research in this area.

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Pediatric Surgical Reentry Strategy Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered and Balanced Approach

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/00031348211011125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000313482110111

Author(s):

Ryan C. Pickens ◽

Angela M. Kao ◽

Mark A. Williams ◽

Andrew C. Herman ◽

Jeffrey S. Kneisl

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Surgery ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Surgical Care ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Protocol Development ◽

Balanced Approach ◽

Projective Curves ◽

Children’S Hospital ◽

The Impact ◽

Emergent Surgery

Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, children’s hospitals across the country postponed elective surgery beginning in March 2020. As projective curves flattened, administrators and surgeons sought to develop strategies to safely resume non-emergent surgery. This article reviews challenges and solutions specific to a children’s hospital related to the resumption of elective pediatric surgeries. We present our tiered reentry approach for pediatric surgery as well as report early data for surgical volume and tracking COVID-19 cases during reentry. Methods The experience of shutdown, protocol development, and early reentry of elective pediatric surgery are reported from Levine’s Children’s Hospital (LCH), a free-leaning children’s hospital in Charlotte, North Carolina. Data reported were obtained from de-identified hospital databases. Results Pediatric surgery experienced a dramatic decrease in case volumes at LCH during the shutdown, variable by specialty. A tiered and balanced reentry strategy was implemented with steady resumption of elective surgery following strict pre-procedural screening and testing. Early outcomes showed a steady thorough fluctuating increase in elective case volumes without evidence of a surgery-associated positive spread through periprocedural tracking. Conclusion Reentry of non-emergent pediatric surgical care requires unique considerations including the impact of COVID-19 on children, each children hospital structure and resources, and preventing undue delay in intervention for age- and disease-specific pediatric conditions. A carefully balanced strategy has been critical for safe reentry following the anticipated surge. Ongoing tracking of resource utilization, operative volumes, and testing results will remain vital as community spread continues to fluctuate across the country.

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