Software Hint-Driven Data Management for Hybrid Memory in Mobile Systems

Hybrid memory systems, comprised of emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) and DRAM, have been proposed to address the growing memory demand of current mobile applications. Recently emerging NVM technologies, such as phase-change memories (PCM), memristor, and 3D XPoint, have higher capacity density, minimal static power consumption and lower cost per GB. However, NVM has longer access latency and limited write endurance as opposed to DRAM. The different characteristics of distinct memory classes render a new challenge for memory system design. Ideally, pages should be placed or migrated between the two types of memories according to the data objects’ access properties. Prior system software approaches exploit the program information from OS but at the cost of high software latency incurred by related kernel processes. Hardware approaches can avoid these latencies, however, hardware’s vision is constrained to a short time window of recent memory requests, due to the limited on-chip resources. In this work, we propose OpenMem: a hardware-software cooperative approach that combines the execution time advantages of pure hardware approaches with the data object properties in a global scope. First, we built a hardware-based memory manager unit (HMMU) that can learn the short-term access patterns by online profiling, and execute data migration efficiently. Then, we built a heap memory manager for the heterogeneous memory systems that allows the programmer to directly customize each data object’s allocation to a favorable memory device within the presumed object life cycle. With the programmer’s hints guiding the data placement at allocation time, data objects with similar properties will be congregated to reduce unnecessary page migrations. We implemented the whole system on the FPGA board with embedded ARM processors. In testing under a set of benchmark applications from SPEC 2017 and PARSEC, experimental results show that OpenMem reduces 44.6% energy consumption with only a 16% performance degradation compared to the all-DRAM memory system. The amount of writes to the NVM is reduced by 14% versus the HMMU-only, extending the NVM device lifetime.

Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Alat Peraga Gelas Variabel bagi Siswa SMPN 3 Kayangan

This study aims to improve student activity and learning outcomes on the subject matter of linear equations with one variable with the help of variable glass props through STAD Type Cooperative learning for students of SMPN 3 Kayangan, North Lombok Regency. This research method uses classroom action research with qualitative and quantitative approaches, which are carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of implementation, giving action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of class VII.2 SMPN 3 Kayangan, totaling 33 students. Data collection techniques used observation sheets and tests were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of this study indicate that the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle obtained mastery learning reached 54.55% with an average value of 64.45. In the second cycle, the learning completeness was obtained by 66.7% with an average value of 66.6. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the STAD Type Cooperative approach learning could increase the activity and learning outcomes of class VII.2 students of SMP Negeri 3 Kayangan, North Lombok.

ML-Enabled Informed Intervention for Crowdsourcing-Based Optimization of Medical Resources

It is said that every adversity presents the opportunity to grow. The current pandemic is a lesson to all healthcare infrastructure stakeholders to look at existing setups with an open mind. This chapter's proposed solution offers technology assistance to manage patient data effectively and extends the hospital data management system's capability to predict the upcoming need for healthcare resources. Further, the authors intend to supplement the proposed solution with crowdsourcing to meet hospital demand and supply for unprecedented medical emergencies. The proposed approach would demonstrate its need in the current pandemic scenario and prepare the healthcare infrastructure with a more streamlined and cooperative approach than before.

ELT in Both Private and Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): An Approach to New Normal Pedagogy of Teaching

The study aims to analyze the different approaches to ELT in the new normal for both private and public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as the basis for teaching pedagogy in terms of the trend in teaching, syllabus utilization, materials, and resources, activities in learning, and competency learning. The study comprised thirty-nine (39) respondents only which employs the descriptive quantitative research design and random sampling. Results show that trend in teaching context based and content instruction on the English language as the medium of teaching and instruction in English Language Teaching (ELT) focuses on the language cooperative approach in teaching approaches that suits to the learning capacity of students. It emphasizes on the complex and competency based learning and outcome of the process of learning as to skills, application, knowledge, and attitude of the learners, materials and resources, show that different centered on the instruction of the English language approach to learning, the activity is focused on the task based-learning and the process of usage in the important skills of the ELT, and competency process of learning show to provide students in the competency of ELT and language learning inside the classroom and direction in the specific task in the English competency of learning. Findings show that there is a significant correlation between the different approaches to ELT in the new normal for both private and public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as the basis for teaching pedagogy among the respondents.

Cooperative Approach: A Survey on Students’ Preferred Classroom Activities in Reading Classes at Thu Dau Mot University

The Cooperative approach or Cooperative learning approach is defined as a model of group learning in which students are assigned to cooperate in teams for gaining a common purpose whereas they have to show their independence in completing sectional tasks. This learning style, to some extent, has been used in Reading classes at Thu Dau Mot University along with other methods for boosting students’ working motivation. From the mentioned premise, the paper investigated English-majored students’ favorable activities in Reading classrooms to clarify student’s learning motives as well as their willingness to work in group during the lessons. A survey questionnaire on selective activities was sent to the fourth–year English majors to measure the respondents’ attitudes. Accordingly, the paper focuses on the following aspects: (1) students’ attitudes towards reading skills, (2) their preferred classroom activities, and (3) their expected achievements from the course. Consequently, it is found out that there was a kind of intrinsic motivation among learners in the course, the students are interested in self-conducted activities, and that cooperative learning activities might foster students’ love for reading.

From Galileo to Navier and Clapeyron

Galileo (1564-1642), in his well-known Discorsi (Galileo, 1638), briefly turning his attention to the fracture of a beam, starts an interesting discussion on the beam’s breakage as well as its location. Could the section and breaking point of a beam have been determined beforehand? Furthermore, is it specific to the material? What Galileo did was not merely challenge a physics problem, but the prevailing knowledge of his time: namely, Aristotelianism on one hand, and Nominalism on the other. As a matter of fact, must the breakage of an element be treated as a universal or is it particular to a given material? The present essay aims to prove how Galileo, confronting the structural problem and bringing it into the realm of science, was not just raising a problem but, using Salviati’s words, he also established what actually takes place. Many years later, with the progress of physics, strength of materials and theory of structures, figures such as Claude Navier (1785-1836) and Benoît Clapeyron (1799-1864) confirmed once again that the Pisan turned out to be right. This article intends to combine technical fields such as strength of materials and theory of structures with others like the history of science and philosophy proper. A cooperative approach to these disciplines can be doubtlessly helpful to improve the knowledge, learning and teaching of their different curricula, giving the reader a global, holistic perspective.

Cooperative Approaches and Academic Motivation towards Enhancing Pre-Service Teachers’ Achievement

This paper describes a quantitative study that explores both the degree of preservice teachers’ (PSTs) motivation and achievement, and the dimensions of need-supportive teaching, when PSTs were involved in designing and implementing contextualized physical cooperative challenges (CPCCs) in primary schools. The analysis was based on the PSTs’ perceptions of the dimensions of need-supportive teaching (namely autonomy support, structure, and involvement), and the dimensions of motivation. Need-supportive teaching was evaluated through a version of the Teacher as a Social Context Questionnaire (TASC-Q), and motivation through a SMOTIV motivation questionnaire. Results showed that the dimensions of the teaching process were all positively correlated, thus, implying the importance of a teacher’s role in supporting autonomy, providing structure, and being involved. While motivation during the in-class definition of the CPCCs was correlated with the teachers’ involvement, the out-of-class implementation of the CPCCs was found to correlate with the three dimensions of teaching, thus, implying that the PST students’ perceptions of developing instructional approaches in schools is mediated by the role their university teachers play in defining and structuring all aspects of the teaching process. Students’ achievement, on the other hand, was a process that relied on the synergies between the teachers’ involvement and the PST student motivation during the stage when the CPCCs in the classroom environment were defined. This interlink responds to the constructivist position adopted to implement a cooperative approach in the university that, in turn, responds to assessing a student-centered cooperative-based learning approach.

Propuesta multidisciplinar y cooperativa: “energías renovables en secundaria”

Es clara la necesidad de modificar el modelo energético existente. En el nuevo esquema por venir las energías renovables desempeñarán un papel fundamental, por lo que es indudable la importancia de enseñar y aprender algunos tópicos referentes a estas energías y temas relacionados. En este trabajo, producto de la cooperación entre las Universidades de Burgos, España y Distrital de Bogotá, Colombia, se presenta una propuesta multidisciplinar y cooperativa para la enseñanza de las Energías Renovables en secundaria. Se pretende así contribuir a la mejora del nivel de la educación científica básica, a través de la cooperación entre educadores de Biología, Física y Química, principalmente. It is a clear need to modify the existing energy model. In the new scheme for coming renewables will play a key role, so it is undoubtedly important to teach and learn some topics concerning these energies and related topics. Multidisciplinary and cooperative approach to teaching in secondary Renewable Energy is presented as a product of cooperation between the Universities of Burgos, Spain and the District of Bogotá, Colombia. The aim is to contribute to the improvement of basic science education through cooperation between teachers of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, mainly.

Artificial Intelligence Model to Detect Real Contact Relationship between Mandibular Third Molars and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Based on Panoramic Radiographs

This study aimed to develop a novel detection model for automatically assessing the real contact relationship between mandibular third molars (MM3s) and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) based on panoramic radiographs processed with deep learning networks, minimizing pseudo-contact interference and reducing the frequency of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) use. A deep-learning network approach based on YOLOv4, named as MM3-IANnet, was applied to oral panoramic radiographs for the first time. The relationship between MM3s and the IAN in CBCT was considered the real contact relationship. Accuracy metrics were calculated to evaluate and compare the performance of the MM3–IANnet, dentists and a cooperative approach with dentists and the MM3–IANnet. Our results showed that in comparison with detection by dentists (AP = 76.45%) or the MM3–IANnet (AP = 83.02%), the cooperative dentist–MM3–IANnet approach yielded the highest average precision (AP = 88.06%). In conclusion, the MM3-IANnet detection model is an encouraging artificial intelligence approach that might assist dentists in detecting the real contact relationship between MM3s and IANs based on panoramic radiographs.