scholarly journals The importance of stimulus variability when studying face processing using fast periodic visual stimulation: A novel ‘mixed-emotions’ paradigm

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel-Pierre Coll ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Rebecca Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Stimulus Variability

scholarly journals The importance of stimulus variability when studying face processing using Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation: A novel ‘Mixed-Emotions’ paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 181b
Author(s):  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Michel-Pierre Coll ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Geoffrey Bird
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Stimulus Variability

scholarly journals A cortical route for face-like pattern processing in human newborns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Buiatti ◽  
Elisa Di Giorgio ◽  
Manuela Piazza ◽  
Carlo Polloni ◽  
Giuseppe Menna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Source Reconstruction ◽  
Pattern Processing ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
Processing Circuit ◽  
Limited Duration ◽  
Inverted Face

AbstractHumans are endowed with an exceptional ability for detecting faces, a competence that in adults is supported by a set of face-specific cortical patches. Human newborns already shortly after birth preferentially orient to faces even when they are presented in the form of highly schematic geometrical patterns, over perceptually equivalent non-face-like stimuli. The neural substrates underlying this early preference are still largely unexplored. Is the adult face-specific cortical circuit already active at birth, or does its specialization develop slowly as a function of experience and/or maturation? We measured EEG responses in 1-4 days old awake, attentive human newborns to schematic face-like patterns and non-face-like control stimuli, visually presented with a slow oscillatory “peekaboo” dynamics (0.8 Hz) in a frequency-tagging design. Despite the limited duration of newborns’ attention, reliable frequency-tagged responses could be estimated for each stimulus from the peak of the EEG power spectrum at the stimulation frequency. Upright face-like stimuli elicited a significantly stronger frequency-tagged response than inverted face-like controls in a large set of electrodes. Source reconstruction of the underlying cortical activity revealed the recruitment of a partially right-lateralized network comprising lateral occipito-temporal and medial parietal areas largely overlapping with the adult face-processing circuit. This result suggests that the cortical route specialized in face processing is already functional at birth.Significance statementNewborns show a remarkable ability to detect faces even minutes after birth, an ecologically fundamental skill that is instrumental for interacting with their conspecifics. What are the neural bases of this expertise? Using EEG and a slow oscillatory visual stimulation, we identified a reliable response specific to face-like patterns in newborns, which underlying cortical sources largely overlap with the adult face-specific cortical circuit. This suggests that the development of face perception in infants might rely on an early cortical route specialized in face processing already shortly after birth.

Face categorization in visual scenes may start in a higher order area of the right fusiform gyrus: evidence from dynamic visual stimulation in neuroimaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2720-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Laurence Dricot ◽  
Jochen Weber ◽  
Giulia Righi ◽  
Michael J. Tarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Differential Activation ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Processing Network

How a visual stimulus is initially categorized as a face by the cortical face-processing network remains largely unclear. In this study we used functional MRI to study the dynamics of face detection in visual scenes by using a paradigm in which scenes containing faces or cars are revealed progressively as they emerge from visual noise. Participants were asked to respond as soon as they detected a face or car during the noise sequence. Among the face-sensitive regions identified based on a standard localizer, a high-level face-sensitive area, the right fusiform face area (FFA), showed the earliest difference between face and car activation. Critically, differential activation in FFA was observed before differential activation in the more posteriorly located occipital face area (OFA). A whole brain analysis confirmed these findings, with a face-sensitive cluster in the right fusiform gyrus being the only cluster showing face preference before successful behavioral detection. Overall, these findings indicate that following generic low-level visual analysis, a face stimulus presented in a gradually revealed visual scene is first detected in the right middle fusiform gyrus, only after which further processing spreads to a network of cortical and subcortical face-sensitive areas (including the posteriorly located OFA). These results provide further evidence for a nonhierarchical organization of the cortical face-processing network.

Face processing in congenitally deaf signers as revealed by fast periodic visual stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. S71-S72
Author(s):  
E. Bednaya ◽  
D. Bottari ◽  
G. Dormal ◽  
A. Villwock ◽  
M. Dzhelyova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Deaf Signers

scholarly journals An objective and reliable electrophysiological marker for implicit trustworthiness perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Derek C Swe ◽  
Romina Palermo ◽  
O Scott Gwinn ◽  
Gillian Rhodes ◽  
Markus Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Neural Signature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness

Abstract Trustworthiness is assumed to be processed implicitly from faces, despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of research has only involved explicit trustworthiness judgements. To answer the question whether or not trustworthiness processing can be implicit, we apply an electroencephalography fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm, where electrophysiological cortical activity is triggered in synchrony with facial trustworthiness cues, without explicit judgements. Face images were presented at 6 Hz, with facial trustworthiness varying at 1 Hz. Significant responses at 1 Hz were observed, indicating that differences in the trustworthiness of the faces were reflected in the neural signature. These responses were significantly reduced for inverted faces, suggesting that the results are associated with higher order face processing. The neural responses were reliable, and correlated with explicit trustworthiness judgements, suggesting that the technique is capable of picking up on stable individual differences in trustworthiness processing. By demonstrating neural activity associated with implicit trustworthiness judgements, our results contribute to resolving a key theoretical debate. Moreover, our data show that FPVS is a valuable tool to examine face processing at the individual level, with potential application in pre-verbal and clinical populations who struggle with verbalization, understanding or memory.

scholarly journals Implicit Manipulation of Face Processing Performance with LTP/LTD-like Visual Stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegado Felipe ◽  
Boets Bart ◽  
Op De Beeck Hans
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation

scholarly journals Passively Improving Face Processing with LTP-like Visual Stimulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegado Felipe ◽  
Boets Bart ◽  
OpDeBeeck Hans
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation

scholarly journals The importance of stimulus variability when studying face processing using Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation: A novel ‘Mixed-Emotions’ paradigm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel-Pierre Coll ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Rebecca Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Visual Change ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Inversion Effects

Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) with oddball stimuli has been used to investigate discrimination of facial identity and emotion, with studies concluding that oddball responses indicate discrimination of faces at the conceptual level (i.e. discrimination of identity and emotion), rather than low-level perceptual (visual, image-based) discrimination. However, because previous studies have utilised identical images as base stimuli, physical differences between base and oddball stimuli, rather than recognition of identity or emotion, may have been responsible for oddball responses. This study tested two new FPVS paradigms designed to distinguish recognition of expressions of emotion from basic detection of visual change. In both paradigms, the oddball emotional expression was different from that of the base stream images. However, in the 'fixed-emotion' paradigm, stimulus image varied at every presentation but the emotion in the base stream remained constant, and in the 'mixed-emotions' paradigm, both stimulus image and emotion varied at every presentation, with only the oddball emotion (disgust) remaining constant. In the fixed-emotion paradigm, typical inversion effects were observed at occipital sites. In the mixed-emotions paradigm, however, inversion effects in a central cluster (indicative of higher level emotion processing) were present in typical participants, but not those with alexithymia (who are impaired at emotion recognition), suggesting that only the mixed-emotions paradigm reflects emotion recognition rather than lower-level visual processing or basic detection of change. These results have significant methodological implications for future FPVS studies (of both facial emotion and identity), suggesting that it is crucial to vary base stimuli sufficiently, such that simple physical differences between base and oddball stimuli cannot give rise to neural oddball responses.

Face Inversion Effect Emerges Under Critical Configural Discrepancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisien Yang ◽  
Adrian Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face

Configural processing has been considered the major contributor to the face inversion effect (FIE) in face recognition. However, most researchers have only obtained the FIE with one specific ratio of configural alteration. It remains unclear whether the ratio of configural alteration itself can mediate the occurrence of the FIE. We aimed to clarify this issue by manipulating the configural information parametrically using six different ratios, ranging from 4% to 24%. Participants were asked to judge whether a pair of faces were entirely identical or different. The paired faces that were to be compared were presented either simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2). Both experiments revealed that the FIE was observed only when the ratio of configural alteration was in the intermediate range. These results indicate that even though the FIE has been frequently adopted as an index to examine the underlying mechanism of face processing, the emergence of the FIE is not robust with any configural alteration but dependent on the ratio of configural alteration.

Media Psychology and Complex Modes of Entertainment Experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Klimmt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Media Psychology ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Complex Modes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Enjoyment

This comment briefly examines the history of entertainment research in media psychology and welcomes the conceptual innovations in the contribution by Oliver and Bartsch (this issue). Theoretical perspectives for improving and expanding the “appreciation” concept in entertainment psychology are outlined. These refer to more systematic links of appreciation to the psychology of mixed emotions, to positive psychology, and to the psychology of death and dying – in particular, to terror management theory. In addition, methodological challenges are discussed that entertainment research faces when appreciation and the experience of “meaning for life” need to be addressed in empirical studies of media enjoyment.

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