scholarly journals RSM/ANN based modeling of methyl esters yield from Anacardium occidentale kernel oil by transesterification, for possible application as transformer fluid

2022 ◽  
pp. 100255
Author(s):  
Chinedu Matthew Agu ◽  
Charles Chukwudozie Orakwue ◽  
Matthew Chukwudi Menkiti ◽  
Albert Chibuzor Agulanna ◽  
Florence Chidinma Akaeme
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Kernel Oil

Acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) Kernel Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Karabaş
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Quercus Frainetto ◽  
Alternative Feedstock ◽  
Acid Esterification

The acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) kernel oil is extracted from the kernels of the acorn that is grown in Sakarya which is in the Marmara region, Turkey. Acorn kernel oil (AKO) is obtained in 10 wt. %, by solvent extraction. Acorn kernel oil is investigated as an alternative feedstock for the production of a biodiesel fuel. The fatty acid profile of the oil consists primarily of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Before processing alkalin transesterification reaction, the high free fatty acid (FFA) of the crude acorn kernel oil is decreased by using acid esterification method. Biodiesel is prepared from acorn kernel (AK) by transesterification of the acid esterified oil with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. The maximum oil to ester conversion was 90%. The viscosity of biodiesel is closer to that of diesel and the heating value is about 6.4% less than that of petroleum diesel No. 2. All of the measured properties of the produced acorn kernel oil methyl ester (AKOME) are being compared to the current quality requirements according to EN14214 and ASTM D 6751. The comparison shows that the methyl esters of acorn kernel oil could be possible used as diesel fuel replacements.

Mixed oxides of Ca, Mg and Zn as heterogeneous base catalysts for the synthesis of palm kernel oil methyl esters

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasipim Limmanee ◽  
Thikumporn Naree ◽  
Kunchana Bunyakiat ◽  
Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Rheological and Some Fuel Properties of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of the Oils of Palm, Palm Kernel and Groundnut

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
V.C. Eze ◽  
Paul M. Ejikeme ◽  
O.D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Production and characterization of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) from palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO) and groundnut oil (GNO) were carried out in this study. Optimal amount of NaOH catalyst required for the transesterification of the degummed and refined oils were determined. Some rheological and fuel quality parameters of the FAME obtained from batch transesterification of each oil, petrodiesel and their blends, were determined. The optimal catalyst weights obtained, based on oil, were 0.40, 0.48 and 0.56 (%wt/v) for GNO, PKO and PO, respectively. The FAME produced had viscosities of 4.45, 3.44, and 4.11mm2/s as compared to the 38.84, 37.51 and 36.92mm2/s obtained for the parent oils PO, PKO, and GNO, respectively. The measured viscosity of petrodiesel was 2.85mm2/s. Thermodynamic free energies of activation for flow (∆Gvis) for the FAME samples were 18.1, 13.4 and 14.7KJ/mol for PO, PKO, GNO, respectively, and 10.1KJ/mol for petrodiesel.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Methyl Esters from Silk Cotton Tree Seed Kernel Oil Using Dimethyl Carbonate and KOH Catalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Panchal ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Sanjay Deshmukh ◽  
Munish Sharma ◽  
Waclaw Roman Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Tree Seed

Lipase-catalysed production of biodiesel fuel from some Nigerian lauric oils

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Abigor ◽  
P. O. Uadia ◽  
T. A. Foglia ◽  
M. J. Haas ◽  
K. C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was observed with methanol. With coconut oil, 1-butanol and iso-butanol achieved 40% conversion, 1-propanol 16% and ethanol 35%, while only traces of methyl esters were observed using methanol. Studies on some fuel properties of palm kernel oil and its biodiesel showed that palm kernel oil had a viscosity of 32.40 mm2/s, a cloud point of 28°C and a pour point of 22°C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 9.33 mm2/s, a cloud point of 12°C and a pour point of 8°C. Coconut oil had a viscosity of 28.58 mm2/s, a cloud point of 27°C and a pour point of 20°C, while its biodiesel fuel had a viscosity of 7.34 mm2/s, a cloud point of 5°C and a pour point of - 8°C. Some of the fuel properties compared favourably with international biodiesel specifications.

Discrimination of Pulp Oil and Kernel Oil from Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) by Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Fingerprinting, Using GC-FID and Multivariate Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (45) ◽  
pp. 10064-10069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelia F. Faria-Machado ◽  
Alba Tres ◽  
Saskia M. van Ruth ◽  
Rosemar Antoniassi ◽  
Nilton T. V. Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER MIXTURES DERIVED FROM ACORN KERNEL OIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darean A. Bague ◽  
Russell J. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Abstract Biodiesel fuels are produced via transesterification of a triacylglycerol (TAG, e.g. vegetable oil, waste cooking oil, or animal fats) with a short-chain alkyl alcohol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Alternative TAG sources, ones not derived from plants used as human food sources, have been of particular recent interest. In this work, the oil extracted from the endosperm of acorns, acorn kernel oil (AKO), was used as an alternative TAG source for the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. Acorns were collected from various species of oak trees (Quercus spp.) in the city of Nacogdoches, Texas. AKO was extracted from the acorn endosperm. The AKO was then subjected to acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol and ethanol to produce acorn kernel oil methyl esters (AKOME) and acorn kernel oil ethyl esters (AKOEE) respectively. Concentrated H2SO4 was used as the acid catalyst and K2CO3 was used as the base catalyst. The effect of using a room temperature ionic liquid on percentage conversion for base-catalyzed transesterification was also investigated. Product mixtures were characterized using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data were used to confirm the presence of transesterified products as well as to quantify the percentage conversion for the reaction. Percent conversion results ranged from 96 to 98% for AKOME products and 96 to 97% for AKOEE products.

Calcium ion imaging in plant cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Peter K. Hepler ◽  
Dale A. Callaham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Membrane Compartments ◽  
Free Acid Form

Calcium ions (Ca) participate in many signal transduction processes, and for that reason it is important to determine where these ions are located within the living cell, and when and to what extent they change their local concentration. Of the different Ca-specific indicators, the fluorescent dyes, developed by Grynkiewicz et al. (1), have proved most efficacious, however, their use on plants has met with several problems (2). First, the dyes as acetoxy-methyl esters are often cleaved by extracellular esterases in the plant cell wall, and thus they do not enter the cell. Second, if the dye crosses the plasma membrane it may continue into non-cytoplasmic membrane compartments. Third, even if cleaved by esterases in the cytoplasm, or introduced as the free acid into the cytoplasmic compartment, the dyes often become quickly sequestered into vacuoles and organelles, or extruded from the cell. Finally, the free acid form of the dye readily complexes with proteins reducing its ability to detect free calcium. All these problems lead to an erroneous measurement of calcium (2).

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