Baseline sensitivity and toxic action of flusilazole to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which can cause Sclerotinia stem rot, is a prevalent plant pathogen. This study aims to evaluate the application potential of benzovindiflupyr, a new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), against S. sclerotiorum. In our study, 181 isolates collected from different crops (including eggplant [n = 34], cucumber [n = 27], tomato [n = 29], pepper [n = 35], pumpkin [n = 32], and kidney bean [n = 25]) in China were used to establish baseline sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr. The frequency distribution of the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of benzovindiflupyr was a unimodal curve, with mean EC50 values of 0.0260 ± 0.011 μg/ml, and no significant differences in mean EC50 existed among the various crops (P > 0.99). Benzovindiflupyr can effectively inhibit mycelial growth, sclerotial production, sclerotial shape, and myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. In addition, benzovindiflupyr showed good systemic translocation in eggplant. Using benzovindiflupyr at 100 μg/ml yielded efficacies of 71.3 and 80.5% for transverse activity and cross-layer activity, respectively, which were higher than those of acropetal and basipetal treatments (43.6 and 44.7%, respectively). Greenhouse experiments were then carried out at two experimental sites for verification. Applying benzovindiflupyr at 200 g a.i. ha−1 significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot. Overall, the results demonstrated that benzovindiflupyr is a potential alternative product to control Sclerotinia stem rot.

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Toxic action and baseline sensitivity of boscalid against Penicillium digitatum

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 105272

Author(s):

Qianru Xu ◽

Kunyu Zhang ◽

Yanping Fu ◽

Hongju Ma ◽

Fuxing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Toxic Action ◽

Baseline Sensitivity

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Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of trifloxystrobin against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2016.04.020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Ya-Li Di ◽

Zu-Qing Zhu ◽

Xiao-Ming Lu ◽

Fu-Xing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Baseline Sensitivity

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Baseline sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to metconazole and the analysis of cross-resistance with carbendazim, dimethachlone, boscalid, fluazinam, and fludioxonil

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/s12600-020-00867-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shengming Liu ◽

Liuyuan Fu ◽

Jinpeng Chen ◽

Shuan Wang ◽

Jinliang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Baseline Sensitivity

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Baseline sensitivity and control efficacy of DMI fungicide epoxiconazole against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-014-0537-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jin-Li Li ◽

Xiang-Yang Liu ◽

Ya-Li Di ◽

Hong-Jie Liang ◽

Fu-Xing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

And Control

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Baseline Sensitivity and Toxic Actions of Prochloraz to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-18-0148-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (11) ◽

pp. 2149-2157 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ran Zhang ◽

Qianru Xu ◽

Yuchao Zhang ◽

Fuxing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Dose Range ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Significant Difference

The ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor prochloraz is a broad-spectrum fungicide and has been registered in China since 2007 for control of the economically important necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, relative baseline sensitivity and toxic actions of prochloraz on S. sclerotiorum were investigated. The mean EC50 values (effective concentrations causing 50% mycelial growth inhibition) for isolates collected in 2008 (n = 73) and 2014 (n = 76) were 0.0463 and 0.0434 µg/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.348) in EC50 values between the two years. Both frequency distributions of EC50 values for 2008 and 2014 were unimodal. The curative efficacy of prochloraz was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the reference fungicide carbendazim. Prochloraz in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at concentrations from 0.01 to 0.36 µg/ml had no significant (P = 0.574) effects on the weight of sclerotia, but the number of sclerotia per plate increased for treatments with prochloraz at 0.15 and 0.36 µg/ml. Light microscopic observations showed that prochloraz in PDA at 0.03 µg/ml increased the number of hyphal offshoots. Observations with a transmission electron microscope showed that the cell wall of the prochloraz-treated hyphae became thicker and darker than the nontreated control. Prochloraz at 0.01 and 0.04 µg/ml significantly (P < 0.001) reduced rather than increased cell membrane permeability. Prochloraz significantly (P = 0.041) increased the mannan content in the cell wall of S. sclerotiorum. The observed mycelial growth inhibitions for the mixtures of prochloraz at 0.03 µg/ml and Congo red at a dose range from 0.05 to 0.4% (w/v) were lower than the expected inhibitions, indicating prochloraz might reduce the content of chitin in S. sclerotiorum. These results demonstrate that prochloraz has significant effects on the morphology and components of the cell wall of S. sclerotiorum and thus will advance our understanding of the toxic actions of prochloraz on phytopathogenic fungi.

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Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/137/2016-pps ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Poslušná Jana ◽

Plachká Eva ◽

Mazáková Jana

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Dose Rates ◽

The Mean

The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013–2015. One single-component fungicide – Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides – Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC50 values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC50 value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC50 values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

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Baseline Sensitivity and Control Efficacy of Various Group of Fungicides against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Oilseed Rape Cultivation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1758

Author(s):

Nazanin Zamani-Noor

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

Baseline Sensitivity ◽

Cultural Management ◽

Significant Yield ◽

And Control

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating disease of oilseed rape that may cause significant yield losses if not controlled by cultural management strategies and fungicide applications. Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different group of fungicides as well as a biopesticide, including azoxystrobin, boscalid, fludioxonil, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin/tebuconazole, boscalid/pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole/fluopyram and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, on baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum isolates under in-vitro conditions as well as control of SSR in the field. Artificial inoculation and mist irrigation prompt to reproducible SSR infection in oilseed rape cultivation. All compounds significantly reduced 36.7% to 86.9% SSR severity and increased 55.2% to 98.7% yield, 1.5% to 7.0% thousand grain-weight, 1.5% to 5.9% oil and 0.1% to 1.3% protein content. Fludioxonil, boscalid/pyraclostrobin and fluopyram/prothioconazole achieved strongest fungicidal activity against SSR. The biopesticide provided 36% of disease control. Under in vitro conditions, B. amyloliquefaciens not only strongly inhibited mycelial growth but also the formation of sclerotia in all concentrations. Boscalid and fludioxonil exhibited the highest level of fungicidal activity against S. sclerotiorum, with mean EC50 values of 1.23 and 1.60 μg a.s. mL−1. The highest variability of EC50 values between isolates was observed towards prothioconazole and azoxystrobin.

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