A newly optimized protocol to extract high-quality hemolymph from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus: Improving the old conditions

AbstractSince 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmer’s reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF.

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Acaricidal activity of leaves of Morus nigra against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8994 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 523-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.C.S. Dantas ◽

D.P. Freire ◽

G.R. Souza ◽

J.R.G.S. Almeida ◽

L.A. Rolim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Adult Tick ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Morus Nigra ◽

Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT The acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions from the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) was carried out on female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The mortality and fertility of females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as ethanolic extract of M. nigra with concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were evaluated using three treatment groups, two control groups and triplicate tests. The study also identified the main phenolic compounds of the extract and fractions of this species by HPLC. The chloroform fraction of leaves of M. nigra (25mg/mL) showed the best results for this species, obtaining 62.6% of inhibition of oviposition, 39.3% of eggs eclosion average and 65.4% of effectiveness. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may be related to biological activity shown by the extracts, which can be used as an alternative control against R. microplus adult tick.

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Mutation in the Rm AOR gene is associated with amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1309072110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (42) ◽

pp. 16772-16777 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

S. W. Corley ◽

N. N. Jonsson ◽

E. K. Piper ◽

C. Cutulle ◽

M. J. Stear ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick

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Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus casseliflavus PAVET15 Obtained from the Oviduct Infection of the Cattle Tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) in Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00196-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (16) ◽

Author(s):

R. Cossío-Bayúgar ◽

E. Miranda-Miranda ◽

C. A. Arreguín-Pérez ◽

L. Lozano ◽

D. Peréz de la Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Content Type ◽

Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽

Acid Producing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria found in the intestinal tracts of animals, like mammals, birds, and arthropods. Enterococcus spp. may cause oportunistic infections in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. We report here the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus casseliflavus PAVET15 containing 3,722,480 bp, with 80 contigs, an N 50 of 179,476 bp, and 41.93% G+C content.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumagainst Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/858973 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Parveen ◽

R. Godara ◽

R. Katoch ◽

A. Yadav ◽

P. K. Verma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immersion Test ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Ageratum Conyzoides ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumwas assessed onRhipicephalus microplususing adult immersion test (AIT). Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. In AIT, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration forA. conyzoidesandA. absinthium, respectively. Acaricidal activity was found to be higher in the extract ofA. absinthiumwith LC50and LC95values of 11.2% and 61.7%, respectively. Egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the extracts was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced significantly(P<0.05). TheA. conyzoidesinhibited 90% hatching of eggs at the 20% concentration, whereasA. absinthiumshowed 100% inhibition at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. The results show thatA. absinthiumhas better acaricidal properties thanA. conyzoidesand could be useful in controllingR. microplus.

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Genome Sequence ofCoxiella-Like Endosymbiont Strain CLE-RmD, a Bacterial Agent in the Cattle Tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Deutsch Strain

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00003-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arunachalam Ramaiah ◽

Gregory A. Dasch

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Partial Genome Sequence ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Agent ◽

Southern Cattle Tick ◽

Metagenomics Data ◽

Partial Genome

ABSTRACTWe report a partial genome sequence for theCoxiella-like endosymbiont strain CLE-RmD, assembled from metagenomics data obtained from the southern cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Deutsch strain.

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Identification of a mutation in the para-sodium channel gene of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus associated with resistance to flumethrin but not to cypermethrin

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.07.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (14) ◽

pp. 1659-1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

N.N. Jonsson ◽

C. Cutullè ◽

S.W. Corley ◽

J.M. Seddon

Keyword(s):

Sodium Channel ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Channel Gene ◽

Sodium Channel Gene

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Acaricidal activity of extracts from different structures of Piper tuberculatum against larvae and adults of Rhipicephalus microplus

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201700053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Andrina Guimarães Silva BRAGA ◽

Krishna Ferri Alencar de SOUZA ◽

Fabio da Silva BARBIERI ◽

Cleberson de Freitas FERNANDES ◽

Rodrigo Barros ROCHA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Promising Source

ABSTRACT The strategies to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus are based mainly on the use of synthetic pesticides. However, the emergence, establishment, and development of resistance of ticks is rendering the main chemical groups ineffective. Finding new molecules to effectively control infestations by R. microplus is necessary to maintain the productivity of cattle herds, particularly of taurine breeds established in equatorial and tropical regions of the world. Ethanol extracts from the leaves, stems, and fruits of Piper tuberculatum were evaluated in bioassays at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.50, 6.25, 3.12 and 1.56 mg mL-1. The concentrations lethal to 50% of the individuals (LC50) of tick larvae after 24 hours of exposure were 3.62, 3.99 and 5.30 mg mL-1 for fruit, stem and leaf extracts, respectively. Against the engorged females, the highest efficacy rates were obtained at the concentration of 50 mg mL-1, corresponding to 71.57%, 68.38% and 37.03% of the fruit, leaf and stem extracts, respectively. The main effect of the ethanol extracts was on the egg hatching rate of ticks, with a reduction of 55.63% for the fruit and leaf extracts, and 20.82% for the stem extract. The results show that P. tuberculatum is a promising source of molecules for use as active ingredients in pesticide formulations for R. microplus control.

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