Molecular evidence for a single origin of ultrafiltration-based excretory organs

Formerly Cnemidophorus was thought to be the most speciose genus of Teiidae. This genus comprised four morphological groups that were later defined as four different genera, Ameivula, Aurivela, Cnemidophorus and Contomastix. The last appears as paraphyletic in a recent phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology, but monophyletic in a reconstruction using molecular characters. Six species are allocated to Contomastix. One of them, C. lacertoides, having an extensive and disjunct geographic distribution in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Preliminary analyses revealed morphological differences among its populations, suggesting that it is actually a complex of species. Here, we describe a new species corresponding to the Argentinian populations hitherto regarded as C. lacertoides, by integrating morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of notched proximal margin of the tongue is a character that defines the genus Contomastix.

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Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2012.0091 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 217-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. David Archibald

Keyword(s):

Fossil Record ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Charles Darwin ◽

The Other ◽

Charles Lyell ◽

Single Origin ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

Richard Owen ◽

First Time

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.

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Molecular evidence of osteoblast dysfunction in elderly men with osteoporotic hip fractures

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.3.pp257 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ursula Foger-Samwald ◽

Alaghebandan Afarin ◽

Janina Patsch ◽

Doris Schamall ◽

Sylvia Salem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Fractures ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Elderly Men

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First molecular evidence of Coxiella spp. from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in Cebu, Philippines

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.15312/eurasianjvetsci.201415914 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 35-35

Author(s):

Adrian P Ybanez

Keyword(s):

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽

Molecular Evidence

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Forms of Direct Linguistic Violence against Women in Secondary Schools in Tanzania: A Case of Dar Es Salaam Region

SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH ◽

10.24113/ijellh.v4i3.1259 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Dr. Zelda Sam Elisifa

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Language Use ◽

Body Parts ◽

Female Victims ◽

Self Image ◽

Descriptive Account ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Different Levels ◽

Excretory Organs

The present study sought to make a descriptive account of how forms language use is violence against young women. It specifically sought to identify various forms of linguistics violence against women and assess the diversity of such linguistics violence on the women’s self image. The study involved 107 students of different levels of secondary education out of whom 71 were females and 35 males. Data were gathered through questionnaire and observation. The findings revealed that linguistics violence is plural as it involved different forms and strategies which were captured under six themes: pejorizing, sexualizing, animalizing, feminizing, masculining and stupidizing. I was also noted that of the six forms of linguistics violence, pejorizing was the most prevalent and most diverse. However, it was sexualizing which was the most pervasive and the most offensive since the women’s sexual and excretory organs and processes are used as disgusting and sickening sight. Further, the continuous use of female-related body parts and psycho-sexual behaviors and processes has resulted in women being adversely affected so much that they are not only the source of linguistic repository from which insults are mined and served to male and female victims, but also the perpetrators of the same.

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