scholarly journals MicroRNAs Absent in Caput Sperm Are Required for Normal Embryonic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Conine ◽  
Fengyun Sun ◽  
Lina Song ◽  
Jaime A. Rivera-Pérez ◽  
Oliver J. Rando
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

Role of the HOXA cluster in HSC emergence and blood cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mays Abuhantash ◽  
Emma M. Collins ◽  
Alexander Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Hoxa Cluster ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Blood Cancer ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

Hematopoiesis, the process of blood formation, is controlled by a complex developmental program that involves intrinsic and extrinsic regulators. Blood formation is critical to normal embryonic development and during embryogenesis distinct waves of hematopoiesis have been defined that represent the emergence of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. The Class I family of homeobox (HOX) genes are also critical for normal embryonic development, whereby mutations are associated with malformations and deformity. Recently, members of the HOXA cluster (comprising 11 genes and non-coding RNA elements) have been associated with the emergence and maintenance of long-term repopulating HSCs. Previous studies identified a gradient of HOXA expression from high in HSCs to low in circulating peripheral cells, indicating their importance in maintaining blood cell numbers and differentiation state. Indeed, dysregulation of HOXA genes either directly or by genetic lesions of upstream regulators correlates with a malignant phenotype. This review discusses the role of the HOXA cluster in both HSC emergence and blood cancer formation highlighting the need for further research to identify specific roles of these master regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

Normal embryonic development and cardiac morphogenesis in mice with Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion of connexin43

genesis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kretz ◽  
D. Eckardt ◽  
O. Krüger ◽  
J.S. Kim ◽  
J. Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cardiac Morphogenesis ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

scholarly journals Effect of Cumulus cell co-culture and Protein Supplement on Success of in vitro Fertilization and Development of Pre-implanted Embryos in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Muhammad-Baqir M-R. Fakhrildin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development ◽  
Group 1

Successful oocyte fertilization and normal embryonic development of mice were considered the most important diagnostic criteria for the safety of materials and tools used for human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Therefore, we studied the influence of cumulus cells co-culture and protein supplement within culture medium on percentages of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and normal development of early stages of mouse embryo later. Oocytes were collected and treated with hyaluronidase to remove cumulus cells. Oocytes were divided into four groups namely: Group-1: Oocytes incubated within modified Earl’s medium (MEM) supplied with 10% inactivated bovine amniotic fluid as a protein source and cumulus cells; Group-2: Oocytes incubated with MEM supplied with cumulus cells only; Group-3: Oocytes incubated with MEM supplied with 10% inactivated bovine amniotic fluid only; and Group-4: Oocytes  incubated with MEM free of both protein source and cumulus cells. For IVF, 5-6 oocytes were incubated with active spermatozoa under paraffin oil for 18-20 hours at 37° oC in 5% CO2. Percentages of IVF and embryonic development were then recorded. Best results for IVF and normal embryonic development were achieved from oocytes of Group-1 when compared to the other groups. As compared to Group-1, the percentage of IVF for Group-2 and Group-3 were decreased insignificantly and significantly (P<0.002), respectively. Significant (P<0.01) reduction in the percentages of IVF and normal embryonic development were reported in Group-4 as compared to Group-1. Therefore, it was concluded that the presence of cumulus cells co-culture and bovine amniotic fluid as a protein source within culture medium may have an important role on the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa and oocytes and normal development of pre-implanted mouse embryo later.  

The C. elegans septin genes, unc-59 and unc-61, are required for normal postembryonic cytokineses and morphogenesis but have no essential function in embryogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 3825-3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Q. Nguyen ◽  
H. Sawa ◽  
H. Okano ◽  
J.G. White
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Genomic Database ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

Septins have been shown to play important roles in cytokinesis in diverse organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. In this study, we show that both the unc-59 and unc-61 loci encode Caenorhabditis elegans septins. Genomic database searches indicate that unc-59 and unc-61 are probably the only septin genes in the C. elegans genome. UNC-59 and UNC-61 localize to the leading edge of cleavage furrows and eventually reside at the midbody. Analysis of unc-59 and unc-61 mutants revealed that each septin requires the presence of the other for localization to the cytokinetic furrow. Surprisingly, unc-59 and unc-61 mutants generally have normal embryonic development; however, defects were observed in post-embryonic development affecting the morphogenesis of the vulva, male tail, gonad, and sensory neurons. These defects can be at least partially attributed to failures in post-embryonic cytokineses although our data also suggest other possible roles for septins. unc-59 and unc-61 double mutants show similar defects to each of the single mutants.

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