Racial and ethnic differences in substance use diagnoses, comorbid psychiatric disorders and treatment initiation among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil there is a large area of overlap of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV infection, which favored a increased incidence of coinfection Leishmania/HIV. METHODS: This study evaluated 65 consecutive patients with VL and their clinical response to treatment in two health care settings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. RESULTS: At baseline, the clinical picture was similar between both groups, although diarrhea and peripheral lymphadenomegaly were more frequent in HIV-infected subjects. HIV-positive patients had lower median blood lymphocyte counts (686/mm³ versus 948/mm³p = 0.004) and lower values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (48IU/L versus 75.6IU/L p = 0.016) than HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive status (hazard ratio = 0.423, p = 0.023) and anemia (HR = 0.205, p = 0.002) were independent negative predictors of complete clinical response following antileishmanial treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces that all patients with VL should be tested for HIV infection, regardless of their clinical picture. This practice would allow early recognition of coinfection with initiation of antiretroviral therapy and, possibly, reduction in treatment failure.

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HIV-Related Attitudes and Intentions for High-Risk, Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: Associations and Clinical Implications for HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative MSM

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.24.4.281 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 281-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gordon Mansergh ◽

David J. McKirnan ◽

Stephen A. Flores ◽

Sharon M. Hudson ◽

Beryl A. Koblin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Safer Sex ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Anal Sex ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv Negative ◽

Hiv Positive Men

This study compared HIV-related attitudes and intentions by respondent HIV-status in a large sample of substance-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Attitudes and intentions included self-efficacy for safer sex; difficulty communicating with sex partners about safer sex; intent to use condoms consistently and to not use substances before sex in the next 3 months; and less concern for HIV given effective antiviral treatments. Differences were found for behavior during the most recent anal sex encounter by HIV-status, including (a) insertive and (b) receptive anal sex risk behavior, and (c) substance use before or during the encounter. Self-efficacy for safer sex was associated with less risk behavior among HIV-negative men but not among HIV-positive men, suggesting that self-efficacy for safer sex continues to be a relevant issue to address in counseling uninfected MSM. HIV-positive men who reported less concern for HIV given treatments were more likely to report receptive risk behavior, as were HIV-negative men who reported difficulty communicating about safer sex. Implications are discussed for potentially heightened client desire and therapeutic opportunity to reduce future substance use during sex for clients who report recent substance use during sex.

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Racial and ethnic differences in diabetes mellitus among people with and without psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.11.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 107-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Leopoldo J. Cabassa ◽

Carlos Blanco ◽

Jorge Lopez-Castroman ◽

Keng-Han Lin ◽

Shang-Min Lui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Epidemiologic Survey

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2.10 CANNABIS AND OTHER SUBSTANCE USE, COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY IN AN OUTPATIENT CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY CLINIC

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. S174

Author(s):

Janet Charoensook ◽

Melissa Mert ◽

Erica Shoemaker ◽

Ziva Cooper

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychiatry Clinic

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Performance of urine lipoarabinomannan assays for paediatric tuberculosis in Tanzania

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.00003315 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 761-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Inge Kroidl ◽

Petra Clowes ◽

Klaus Reither ◽

Bariki Mtafya ◽

Gabriel Rojas-Ponce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Initiation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Monitoring Tool ◽

Antituberculous Treatment ◽

Suspected Tuberculosis ◽

Low Body Mass Index ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Paediatric Tuberculosis ◽

Hiv Negative

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of two tests based on the release of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) into the urine, the MTB-LAM-ELISA assay and the Determine TB-LAM-strip assay, in children with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in a high TB/HIV-prevalence setting.In a prospective study, 132 children with suspected active TB were assigned to diagnostic subgroups. Urine samples were subjected to testing by both assays to ascertain sensitivity and specificity. Host factors associated with positive LAM results were investigated and LAM excretion monitored after antituberculous treatment initiation.18 (13.6%) children had culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. The assays' sensitivity was higher in HIV-positiveversusHIV-negative children: 70% (95% confidence interval 35–93%)versus13% (0–53%) for MTB-LAM-ELISA and 50% (19–81%)versus0% (0–37%) for Determine TB-LAM. In 35 (27%) children with excluded active TB, both assays showed a specificity of 97.1% (85–100%). Proteinuria and low body mass index were independently associated with LAM positivity. In most patients, LAM excretion declined to zero during or at conclusion of antituberculous treatment.HIV/TB co-infected children might benefit from LAM-based tests to aid early TB diagnosis and subsequent positive impact on morbidity and mortality. Using LAM as a rule-in and treatment-monitoring tool may also show further potential.

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