Clinical Assessment of a Model for Nervous Depression in Auriculotherapy: Proposition for New Points in the Brodmann-Representations of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Habenular Nuclei

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
J.P. Fossion
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Interaction of irritability and anxiety on emotional responding and emotion regulation: a functional MRI study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kathleen I. Crum ◽  
Soonjo Hwang ◽  
Karina S. Blair ◽  
Joseph M. Aloi ◽  
Harma Meffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Emotional States

Abstract Background Irritability and anxiety frequently co-occur in pediatric populations. Studies separately looking at the neural correlates of these symptoms have identified engagement of similar neural systems – particularly those implicated in emotional processing. Both irritability and anxiety can be considered negative valence emotional states that might relate to emotion dysregulation. However, previous work has not examined the neural responding during the performance of an emotion regulation task as a function of interaction between irritability and anxiety simultaneously. Methods This fMRI study involved 155 participants (90 with significant psychopathologies and 92 male) who performed the Affective Stroop Task, designed to engage emotion regulation as a function of task demands. The Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) was used to index irritability and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used to index anxiety. Results Levels of irritability, but not anxiety, was positively correlated with responses to visual images within the right rostro-medial prefrontal cortex and left anterior cingulate cortex during view trials. The second region of ventral anterior cingulate cortex showed a condition-by-emotion-by-ARI score-by-SCARED score interaction. Specifically, anxiety level was significantly correlated with a decreased differential BOLD response to negative relative to neutral view trials but only in the presence of relatively high irritability. Conclusions Atypical maintenance of emotional stimuli within the rostro-medial prefrontal cortex may exacerbate the difficulties faced by adolescents with irritability. Moreover, increased anxiety combined with significant irritability may disrupt an automatic emotional conflict-based form of emotion regulation that is particularly associated with the ventral anterior cingulate cortex.

scholarly journals Decreased GABA levels in anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex in panic disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiyang Long ◽  
Carla Medlock ◽  
Mario Dzemidzic ◽  
Yong-Wook Shin ◽  
Andrew W. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

The Regulation of Cognitive Control following Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Lesion in Humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe di Pellegrino ◽  
Elisa Ciaramelli ◽  
Elisabetta Làdavas
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychological Review

The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), to cognitive control remains controversial. Here, we examined whether the rostral ACC is necessary for reactive adjustments in cognitive control following the occurrence of response conflict [Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624–652, 2001]. To this end, we assessed 8 patients with focal lesions involving the rostral sector of the ACC (rACC patients), 6 patients with lesions outside the frontal cortex (non-FC patients), and 11 healthy subjects on a variant of the Simon task in which levels of conflict were manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis. More specifically, we compared Simon effects (i.e., the difference in performance between congruent and incongruent trials) on trials that were preceded by high-conflict (i.e., incongruent) trials with those on trials that were preceded by low-conflict (i.e., congruent) trials. Normal controls and non-FC patients showed a reduction of the Simon effect when the preceding trial was incongruent, suggestive of an increase in cognitive control in response to the occurrence of response conflict. In contrast, rACC patients attained comparable Simon effects following congruent and incongruent events, indicating a failure to modulate their performance depending on the conflict level generated by the preceding trial. Furthermore, damage to the rostral ACC impaired the posterror slowing, a further behavioral phenomenon indicating reactive adjustments in cognitive control. These results provide insights into the functional organization of the medial prefrontal cortex in humans and its role in the dynamic regulation of cognitive control.

scholarly journals The Medial Prefrontal Cortex as a Central Hub for Mental Comorbidities Associated with Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai K. Kummer ◽  
Miodrag Mitrić ◽  
Theodora Kalpachidou ◽  
Michaela Kress
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mental Comorbidities ◽  
Local Circuitry

Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which can only insufficiently be overcome by medication. The emotional and cognitive components of pain are processed by the medial prefrontal cortex, which comprises the anterior cingulate cortex, the prelimbic, and the infralimbic cortex. All three subregions are significantly affected by chronic pain: magnetic resonance imaging has revealed gray matter loss in all these areas in chronic pain conditions. While the anterior cingulate cortex appears hyperactive, prelimbic, and infralimbic regions show reduced activity. The medial prefrontal cortex receives ascending, nociceptive input, but also exerts important top-down control of pain sensation: its projections are the main cortical input of the periaqueductal gray, which is part of the descending inhibitory pain control system at the spinal level. A multitude of neurotransmitter systems contributes to the fine-tuning of the local circuitry, of which cholinergic and GABAergic signaling are particularly emerging as relevant components of affective pain processing within the prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, factors such as distraction, positive mood, and anticipation of pain relief such as placebo can ameliorate pain by affecting mPFC function, making this cortical area a promising target region for medical as well as psychosocial interventions for pain therapy.

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