Structural gravity and trade agreements: Does the measurement of domestic trade matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 110080
Author(s):  
Rodolfo G. Campos ◽  
Jacopo Timini ◽  
Elena Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Domestic Trade

scholarly journals Common values for the development round

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ ◽  
ANDREW H. CHARLTON
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
National Governments

In the traditional theory of international trade, multilateral trade agreements should be easy because self-interested governments unilaterally commit to reduce their own protection and, as a bonus, they reap positive externalities from liberalization by other nations. In practice national governments do not behave as though they are maximizing the welfare of a representative citizen, but instead they respond to pressure from a diverse mix of constituencies and competing special interests. Governments attempt to manage domestic trade-offs within international negotiations, so progress is slow and protection persists. The practical operation of trade negotiations, emblemized by the infamous ‘green rooms’, is characterized by factionalism, horse-trading, and brinkmanship.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization, Domestic Trade Policies and the Failure of Reducing Poverty: The Case of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Domestic Trade

The existence of international trade has provided important benefits for reducing poverty. Many countries then have concluded trade agreements, to reach this goal by committing trade liberalization. The relatively high number of poverty has raised some concerns, questioning the effectiveness of trade liberalization. Putting Indonesia as a case study, this article weighs the role of trade liberalization and domestic trade policies in reducing poverty. This article argues that the existence of domestic trade policies is more significant than trade liberalization. The unfair practices, corruption, and the overwhelming spirit of national interest that colour domestic trade policies, contribute to the failure of reducing poverty instead of trade liberalization.  

Banks, Firms and Trade Finance Infrastructure in Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Dorina Çumani
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Risk Situation

Firms engaged in international trade face tosome risks, which are either not present or less present for the domestic trade. All, firms- SMEs or Companies contain elements of risk, but when they trade internationally, the risk profile is different than trading home. These include commercial risk, political risk, exchange and the country risks, such asthe possibility ofwar, political unrest, or unexpected import bans or tariffs, act. Banks play a critical role in facilitating international trade by guaranteeing international payments and reducing the risk of trade transactions in exports or imports. The effect of insured trade credit on trade is very strong and remains stable over the cycle, in crisis and non-crisis periods (WTO, 2012). By shortening the time of production, delivery, approved credit, the risk situation can be improved and in the same way as liquidity and profitability (Anders Grath 2008). If Albanian traders control the risks they can expanding exports into new markets and it can be very profitable. Using trade finance and reducing risks Albanian firms will be able to develop and take advantage of business opportunities. The trade finance infrastructure of Albaniaisthe institutions, laws, regulations and other systems related to the following three activities

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