scholarly journals Trade Liberalization, Domestic Trade Policies and the Failure of Reducing Poverty: The Case of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Domestic Trade

The existence of international trade has provided important benefits for reducing poverty. Many countries then have concluded trade agreements, to reach this goal by committing trade liberalization. The relatively high number of poverty has raised some concerns, questioning the effectiveness of trade liberalization. Putting Indonesia as a case study, this article weighs the role of trade liberalization and domestic trade policies in reducing poverty. This article argues that the existence of domestic trade policies is more significant than trade liberalization. The unfair practices, corruption, and the overwhelming spirit of national interest that colour domestic trade policies, contribute to the failure of reducing poverty instead of trade liberalization.  

INTERNATIONAL TRADE TAX REVENUE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION, A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Mahmood. ◽  
◽  
Kanwal Zahra ◽  
Mehmood Khalid. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Tax Revenue

Bilateral Treaties and The Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Accominotti ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
Most Favored Nation Clause ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success holds much interest from a modern policy point of view, for it rested on bilateral negotiations and most-favored-nation clauses. With the help of new data on international trade (the RICardo database), the authors provide empirical evidence and find that the treaty and subsequent network of MFN trade agreements coincided with the end of a period of unilateral liberalization across the world. They also find that it did not contribute to expanding trade at all. This is contrary to a deeply rooted belief among economists, economic historians, and political scientists. The authors draw a number of policy lessons that run counter to the conventional wisdom and raise skepticism toward the ability of bilateralism and MFN arrangements to promote trade liberalization.

scholarly journals The Strategic Vision behind Vietnam's International Trade Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Deprez
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
International Trade Agreements

This paper evaluates the positioning of Vietnam in international trade. It addresses the key question of how Vietnam uses its participation in international trade agreements as a tool to ensure and advance national interest and security through increased economic power. The paper first examines how Vietnam participates in the international integration of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and then looks at the importance for Vietnam to be outward-looking; that is, to participate in trade agreements outside the South-East Asian region. Finally, I examine how reforms required under international trade agreements push Vietnam into domestic economic reforms. My conclusion is that the political elite of Vietnam has identified trade, export-oriented growth and international economic integration as international policy preferences and has used international trade integration as a strategic instrument to maximise these national priorities within the regional and international trade system. Therefore, Vietnam has a very strategic view on international trade integration and uses it as an instrument to ensure its national interest and security through increased economic power. Through careful selection of trade agreements, Vietnam aims to position itself in a strategically advantageous position vis-à-vis other economies of the AEC, to ensure continued economic growth through preferential access to key markets and to push through some of the more difficult and sensitive domestic economic reforms, using its commitments under external trade agreements as a lock-in mechanism.

DECONSTRUCTING THE ARGUMENT FOR FREE TRADE: A CASE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ECONOMISTS IN POLICY DEBATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Driskill
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Standard Argument ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Judgements

This paper argues that, in light of the apparent settled nature of economists’ judgement on the issue of trade liberalization, the profession has stopped thinking critically about the question and, as a consequence, makes poor-quality arguments justifying their consensus. To develop support for this claim, the paper first recounts what economic analysis can say about trade liberalization. Then it analyses the quality of the arguments that economists make in support of free trade. The paper argues that the standard argument made by economists in favour of free trade is either incoherent or implicitly imposes philosophical value judgements about what is good for a nation or society, or it makes leaps of empirical faith about how the world works. The paper concludes with suggestions for better arguments.

scholarly journals The role of international trade agreements in the economy of developing countries (the case of Nigeria)

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Henrietta Nagy ◽  
◽  
József Káposzta ◽  
György Neszmélyi ◽  
Omokheka Obozuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
International Trade Agreements

scholarly journals PERAN WTO DALAM MEMBANGUN PENEGAKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PROTEKSIONISME (STUDI KASUS: SENGKETA DAGANG ROKOK KRETEK INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahdiba Rahma Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Indonesia’s objection to the United States (US) over a clove ban in 2010 was one of the most difficult trade dispute cases that Indonesia has ever submitted. The dispute between both countries in the clove cigarettes negotiations was actually completed in 2014 after the two countries agreed on mutual understanding (MoU) related to cigarettes. Indonesia's victory over the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) shows the enforcement of international law in intervening in a country's domestic policies.Although it took great deal of time, Indonesia's victory over US becomes a lesson learned. This victory proves the role of the WTO in resolving trade dispute cases and refutes the notion of a superpower in particular the US being immune to the international law. US domestic trade policies that impose a ban on clove cigarettes have deviated from WTO rules and have harmed Indonesia as a producer

scholarly journals The Role of Institutional Environment in International Trade. The Case of Spanish Regions

REGION ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Laura Márquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect

We move beyond the nation-state as the unit of analysis and use subnational spatial variation to study the effect of the institutional environment on international trade. Additionally, we address the heterogeneous effect of trade agreements on different regions within a country. Employing a gravity model approach, we use a region-to-country dataset to estimate the determinants of Spanish regional exports and we apply quantile regressions for panel data. We find that better institutional quality of trade agreements leads to an increase in both the intensive and the extensive margins of trade. The institutional quality of trade agreements exerts a differential effect on regional exports at different locations within a country, although differences across Spanish regions seem to be larger for the intensive margin than for the extensive margin. We do, however, find a common trend: for the relatively more important exporting regions, the institutional quality of TAs is less relevant for trade margins. Therefore, our results posit that subnational spatial variation should be added to the analysis of the determinants of international trade flows.

The Agricultural and Food Trade in the First Globalization: Spanish Table Wine Exports 1871 to 1935 – A Case Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Pinilla ◽  
Raúl Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Explanatory Factors

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to analyze the overall trajectory of Spanish table wine exports during the period 1871–1935 and provide convincing explanations of the pattern. Thus, we employ an approach that takes all of the possible explanatory factors into account, instead of adopting a narrower approach which focuses on a single principal factor. The methodology employed consists of using a gravity model to explain trade flows in Spanish table wine. Our results highlight the key role of trade policies in the determination of export possibilities and the difficulties derived from the export of products which are characterized by the low or non-existent change in demand when income changes. These results may shed a little more light on the determinants of trade in the first phase of globalization. (JEL Classification: F14, N73, N74, Q17)

scholarly journals Is the WTO Passé?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bagwell ◽  
Chad P. Bown ◽  
Robert W. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
Hand Off

The WTO has delivered policy outcomes that are very different from those likely to emerge out of the recent wave of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Should economists see this as an efficient institutional hand-off, where the WTO has carried trade liberalization as far as it can manage, and is now passing the baton to PTAs to finish the job? We survey a growing economics literature on international trade agreements and argue on this basis that the WTO is not passé. Rather, and subject to some caveats, our survey of research to date suggests that the WTO warrants strong support while a more cautious view of PTAs seems appropriate. (JEL F13, F14, K33, N70)

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