Physical Skills in Male Volleyball Players 14-18 Years Old

During the monitoring of volleyball teams in Albania during training, it was noticed that coaches pay more attention to technical elements and not to physical abilities to ages 14-18 years. The aim of this study was to find out the trend of improvement and differences with the age on physical abilities of male’s volleyball players in Albania. Methods: Participants in this study were N=43 volleyball players from two age categories; N=21, cadet (14-16 yrs.), N= 22 and junior (16-18 yrs.) Measurement for anthropometrics (body weight, body height) and physical abilities (push up test, curl-up test, standing long jump and vertical jump test) were assessed. Results: Analysis between two age categories shows significant differences. Showed results for anthropometrics and also for physical abilities showed differences between groups of volleyball players. Data of this study for jumping performance using vertical jump CMJ test between groups for cadet vs. junior data show (mean difference= 21.3 cm; Sig= 0.004) while for vertical jump Run up test between groups for cadet vs. junior data show (mean difference= 22.3 cm; Sig= 0.003). Conclusion: In the best interest of the study, it would be good if other teams were involved from different cities of Albania. Suggestions for other studies we recommend in comparing data by positions in the field. Trainers should plan training with these age groups different coordination programs not only technical. This study has limitations with regards to the sampling number of male volleyball players, which is justified for not having sufficient funds.

Legal Education and Upbringing of Order

A great importance to a democratic society is the creation of legal literacy education on rule. Such a breeding seems to be primarily present in the consciousness of every citizen. The principles of a democratic state should be installed, first to society. These principles embodied in the individual consciousness in the form of legal and institutional consciousness. Moreover every man should know that c `demands of an institution, and should make it impossible to solve the institutional and democratic way, even when he finds the office door closed, even by officials when a problem exists as insoluble. An individual should not be equated with the passivity that is generally characterized by officials, but must use every means to protect the right and dignity. Methodology: First, quantitative analysis was used to see why the number of citizens dissatisfied with the exercise of their rights is increasing. Secondly, qualitative analysis was used by analyzing the social and objective causes that lead to a lack of legal education of the public. Expected results: the consequent link between the lack of information on the law and non-exercise of the right. This scientific paper seeks to give concretely what are some of the strategies that should be used to have a well-informed public and satisfied with the exercise of law.

Impact of Legal Incentives on “Credit Fraud” Criminal Offence

Currently, the number of financial institutions has been increased in Albania, which provides Albanian citizens with access to various financial services, mainly to obtain financing services in the form of microcredit. Given the history of our people, not all the Albanian citizens have had opportunity to have access and to benefit from various financial services. Denial of financial services is an issue that has affected not only Albania, but also other small Balkan countries. The reasons for this denial are numerous, but among them, we can distinguish the lack of lending experience, as one of the common reasons for being excluded in these countries from the development of the financial sector. Taking into consideration that, the growth of financial institutions led to the growth of financial services by raising awareness and financial education of citizens. Finally, the Bank of Albania , as the supervisor of financial activities, intends to set a ceiling on the interest of consumer loans provided by non-bank financial institutions and commercial banks in Albania. This paper aims to present through a professional legal treatment all the challenges of the legal and institutional framework of the Bank of Albania, itself in undertaking this initiative. The questions we intend to answer through this paper are: Is the Bank of Albania legitimized to set a ceiling interest rate for consumer credit? What are the benefits or challenges that this initiative will bring to the financial sector? How will this regulation affect the criminal offense of "Credit Fraud"? How will the financial industry be designed after the implementation of the initiative? Will it have any impact on customer beneficial? etc.

Impact Analysis of the Subscale of Aggression in Depression and Anxiety, Among Adolescents Aged 16-18 Years- Case Study: High Secondary School ‘’Luciano Motroni’’ Prizren

Aggression is a phenomenon that encompasses some very significant subscales and can be manifested through aggressive behaviors, hostility to friends, anger, uncontrolled / inconsistent reactions, and verbal and indirect aggression. These factors need to be carefully considered and followed up with research in order to give young people room to improve behaviors and achieve high achievement, otherwise it can affect adolescent anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of underlying aggression such as anger, hostility, verbal aggression, indirect aggression, inconsistent response to anxiety, and depression in adolescents aged 16-18. This study included three groups of students, 16 years old, 17 years old and 18 years old, with 50 adolescents in each group, so the total sample is 150 adolescents aged 16-18 years. The research belongs to the quantitative type and the case study was selected 'Luciano Motroni' High Secondary School in Prizren municipality during January 2020. Research results show that depression scales such as verbal aggression have an impact on anxiety and depression (rho = .163 *, p value = .047), anger (rho = .385 **, p value = .000), hostility (rho = .174 *, p value = .033), indirect aggression (rho = .261 **, p value = 001), and inconsistent response (rho = .170 *, p value = .037) which are statistically significant at 1 % and 5% confidence level. Compared to a research conducted in 2019, entitled '' Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study '' we see that aggression has a significant impact on youth anxiety. Thus, the subscales of aggression represent an important significant link in adolescent anxiety and depresion. Finally, we conclude that sub scales of aggression have a statistically significant impact on adolescent anxiety and depression among young people aged 16-18, in the municipality of Prizren. What we recommend is the training and support of young people during their secondary education journey.

Language and Nature in Southern and Eastern Arabia

This paper examines the relationship between language and nature in southern and eastern Arabia. The work is the result of a two-year interdisciplinary network between the University of Leeds and Qatar University, with partners in the UK, Oman, Canada, the United States, and Russia. Our hypothesis is that local languages and ecosystems enjoy a symbiotic relationship, and that the demise of local ecosystems will adversely affect local languages. In this paper, we examine some of the language–nature effects in Qatar and Dhofar, southern Oman. Our regions differ in that Qatar has two seasons, summer and winter, and is predominantly arid, with occasional rain, while Dhofar together with al-Mahrah in eastern Yemen has four distinct seasons, receiving the monsoon rains between June and September, and, as a result, is home to hundreds of plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Since the 1970s, in particular, both regions have experienced some of the most rapid socio-economic changes in the world. We ask what affect this socio-economic change has had on the language–nature relationship, and suggest that decoupling of the human–nature relationship as a result of socio-economic change is contributing in these regions to language attrition. We consider spatial terminology, traditional terminology for weather, the traditional measurement of time by narratives around key climatic events, and the role of stars in determining the weather and their role in folklore.

Albanian National Museums: How to Overcome the Digital Gap Towards a Better National Heritage Promotion

Article 53 of the Vienna Convention of 1969 states that a treaty is considered invalid if it is in conflict with existing norms of jus cogens, and under Article 64 of the treaty becomes invalid if it conflicts with a norm youngest of the same nature. The case Nicaragua against the United States made clear that the notion of jus cogens is steadily entrenched in international law, however, is still necessary to determine accurately that power rates referred to in Articles 53 and 64 of the Vienna Convention. Jus cogens norms include more those norms relating to morality or natural law than with traditional positivist rates derived from State practice. In general, this includes making aggressive war, crimes against humanity, war crimes, sea piracy, genocide, apartheid, slavery, and torture.Jus cogens norms are norms of customary international law which are so important, it can not be changed through treaties. Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, any treaty that is contrary to jus cogens norms is invalid. Jus cogens norms are not listed, there is no catalog , their determined by any authoritative body, but these rates come from judicial practices and political and social attitudes, which are not values static. Jus cogens norm of unconditional right international, accepted and recognized by the international community norm from which no deviation is permitted. Unlike the common law, which traditionally requires the consent and It lets change obligations between states through treaties, norms jus cogens can not be violated by any state "through treaties international or local regulations or special customary, or even through general rules of customary not have the same normative force.

Countermovement Jump with the Help of Wings in 16-Year-Old Volleyball Players

Vertical jump is combined with the assessment of the strength and strength of the muscles of the lower extremities that are fundamental components of the volleyball game's work.The Countermovement Jump with arm (CMJA) test as a specific specifically for the assessment of the offensive force of volleyball players.Methods: Female (F) - Males (M) average volleyball players were tested in CMJA at the GFRP; Force(F max), Power(P max) and gravity shift relationship Jump Height(JH). Anthropometric measurements of volleyball players were also developed; Body Height (BH cm), Body Mass (BMI% kg/m²), Body Weight (BW kg). Results: The differences between the two groups found in the study resulted in significant differences in BH cm (F-172, M-187.3), BW kg (F- 62.2, M -79.3), BMI kg / m² (F-21.1, M -22.6), Jump place in JP cm (F-266, M-310), Jump Attack in JA cm (F-274, M-321). But even the data captured by the Leonardo platform in the CMJA test gives us a noticeable difference between the two groups; (F-6.4,M-4.5), P max (F-3.08, M-4.78) and diff P max Left - Right(F-2.59,M-0.56),V max m/%(F-5.2,M-4.4). Conclusion: The results obtained suggest changes to the performance of volleyball players in "vertical jump" in the parameters of force, speed, and power. These indicators are valid for any trainer or volleyball player to implement a detailed and specific training program for the further development of the physical qualities of volleyball players, especially vertical tipping in gaining the lower extremity muscular power.

The Relationship Between Total Quality Management Practices and Secondary School Performance with Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture in Abu Dhabi: Structural Equation Modeling Approach

This study aims to investigate the structural equation modeling to determine the relationship between total quality management practices and secondary school performance with mediating effect of organizational Culture in Abu Dhabi. Quantitative research design was adopted to obtained information from respondents. A total of 320 employees of school were selected as a sample through the stratified and quota random sampling technique. Data analysis using structural equation modelling was used. The results of the study indicated that significant relationship was found between total quality management practices and secondary school performance with value of -.01. The findings showed that significant relationship exist between total quality management practices and organizational culture with value of .86; significant relationship was also found between organizational culture and secondary school performance .87. Further, the findings reported that organizational culture showed complete mediation between total quality management practices and secondary school performance. This study believed that total quality management would yield good results if secondary school in Abu Dhabi make use of it to improve school performance.

Vertical Jump in National Volleyball-Basketball Team’s Women's in Albania

Volleyball and Basketball women’s have different performances from each other due to their special specifics of the game. From the specificity of their training, there are differences in the physical qualities of individual and team sports performance, where one of the elements is vertical jumping. This study is concentrated on two teams: Women’s Volleyball Team (V) and Women’s Basketball Team (B) 15 members each, focusing on 30 subjects. Players were measured in physical parameters; Age (V-24: B-27), Body Height (V-180.4cm; B-173.4cm), Body Weight (V-70.37kg; B-63.88kg), BMI (V-21.67 percent; B-20.93 percent). The players performed the test DJ60cm in the platform Leonardo® Ground Force Reaction Plate (GRFP) which expresses Force max (kN), Power max (w/kg), Time Contact (TCs), Air Time (TAs), TA/TCs. The results obtained by GRFP showed different team values of the two sports in the parameters of Fmax V65.19-B74.07n/kg, Pmax V31.26-B23.06w/kg, TCs V0.231-B0.198, TAs V0.436-B0.34 and TA/TCѕec V1.96ѕ-B1.71ѕec. Results revealed that V players jumped higher (p, 0.001) than B players. Finally, the Drop Jump60cm test has different performance between individual players, despite the fact that in the team average it turned out that Volleyball players is higher in this test. Drop Jump is the typical plyometric test. Furthermore, tests such as DJ can be a useful method for assessing differences and monitoring vertical jump training programs from collective sports.

The Principle of Democracy in Albania, from the Basic Acts of the State in Its Implementation

The principle of democracy is seen as the basic pillar of the construction and function of a state. Of course, for the implementation of this principle, different ideologies have been developed, often in contradiction with each other. Ideologies which undoubtedly saw in the principle of democracy the birth and functioning of a state and as a consequence of a governing model which was to be based precisely on the sovereignty of the people and the full expression of its will. In Albania after the end of the Second World War we have the birth of a form of government which was based on the organization of the state according to communist theory. The communist ideology, which developed after the division of the world into two camps, which were the result of the Second World War meant to bring to Albania the realization of the principle of democracy. With the consolidation of the power of the communist party which resulted in the creation of the party-state, the principle of democracy consisted in its expression more as a slogan than as an objective for the development and functioning of society and the functioning of power as the genuine will of the people. Consequently, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, as in all former communist countries and in Albania, what the people demanded was the establishment of a state where the principle of democracy was the foundation of its government. Not in vain after the acceptance of political pluralism by the now completed monopoly of the party-state, the establishment of a system based on the principle of democracy was required. However, the creation of political pluralism after the change of the system does not seem to have brought a realization of the principle of democracy as a basis for the functioning of a democratic state as required by Albanian society. It can even be said that the principle of democracy remains an endless challenge for the entire political spectrum in Albania, although this principle always needs to be consolidated. Through this paper it is sought to analyze how the principle of democracy is required to be adopted by all leaders of any kind of government even though in itself it will have to belong to the people. This paper aims to highlight how in the case of political pluralism and even more so in the existence of a single party the principle of democracy remains a challenge, although it forms the basis of all fundamental acts of the Albanian State since the end of the Second World War.