Waiting

This chapter explores the dialectics of walking and resting, and of mobility and waiting, with regards to creativity in language. It thereby focuses on the interruption and unintended break as an opportunity for interactions and encounters across linguistic epistemes, boundaries and norms. Walking as a methodology and epistemic approach has been discussed in anthropology, the social sciences and literary critique, but met very little interest in linguistics. This chapter on the one hand consequently attempts to address walking as a substantial approach to the study of multilingualism and improvisation, but on the other aims at highlighting disruption and stillness as creating the very liminal space and practice through which language creativity can emerge and be realized. It touches upon various practices that are crucial: being stuck, passing time, getting lost. Points of special interests interest include the role of language in the love songs and other genres, especially in the context of the Mediterranean, disruptions associated with migrations and peoples’ movements, the context of tourism, and the linguistic effects of spirit possession.

Topological protection of continuous frequency entangled biphoton states

Topological quantum optics that manipulates the topological protection of quantum states has attracted special interests in recent years. Here we demonstrate valley photonic crystals implementing topologically protected transport of the continuous frequency entangled biphoton states. We numerically simulate the nonlinear four-wave mixing interaction of topological valley kink states propagating along the interface between two valley photonic crystals. We theoretically clarify that the signal and idler photons generated from the four-wave mixing interaction are continuous frequency entangled. The numerical simulation results imply that the entangled biphoton states are robust against the sharp bends and scattering, giving clear evidence of topological protection of entangled photon pairs. Our proposal paves a concrete way to perform topological protection of entangled quantum states operating at telecommunication wavelengths.

The Standing of Indirectly Injured States in the Litigation of Community Interests before the ICJ: Lessons Learned and Future Implications in Light of The Gambia v. Myanmar and Beyond

This article explores the legal challenges related to the standing of indirectly injured states before the International Court of Justice in relation to violations of obligations erga omnes and erga omnes partes. After an examination of the emergence of these kinds of obligations, the article addresses the evolution of the approach of the Court in relation to the issue of standing, in light of the works of the International Law Commission on state responsibility. Especially after the 2012 Belgium v. Senegal case, the Court does not hesitate to recognise the standing of indirectly injured states. Yet, some aspects related to standing – such as the requirement of a special interests and the coordination between the reaction of the directly injured state and the indirectly injured ones – are still imprecise. The Court should take the opportunity to elaborate on these issues in the merits phase of The Gambia v. Myanmar case.

An Interest-Based Model of Moral Status

This chapter briefly defends each of the following theses, which together comprise an interest-based model of moral status: (1) Being human is neither necessary nor sufficient for moral status; (2) The capacity for consciousness is necessary but not sufficient; (3) Sentience is necessary and sufficient; (4) Social relations are not a basis for moral status but may ground special obligations to those with moral status; (5) The concept of personhood is unhelpful in modeling moral status, unless a non-vague conception is identified and its moral relevance clarified; (6) Sentient beings are entitled to equal consequentialist consideration; and (7) Sentient beings with substantial temporal self-awareness have special interests that justify the added protection of rights. This model will be engaged in illuminating the moral status of ordinary, self-aware human beings, non-paradigm humans, animals, robots and AI systems, brain organoids, and post-humans with superior self-awareness.

The Identification of Potential Rafting Tourism Products in Citepok Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province

Sumedang Regency is a natural, historical and cultural tourist destination. There are still many tourism potentials that have not been built and developed optimally. The natural resources of the Sumedang regency in rivers can be used as unique interest tourism resources, namely rafting. These resources can support the vision and mission of tourism in Sumedang regency who want to build their territory as a natural, historical and cultural tourism destination and special interests that are well known both nationally and internationally. To find out the potential of research conducted with the title Of Analysis of Tourism Product Potential in Sumedang Regency. The method of research conducted is qualitative. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, documentation and library studies. While the data analysis techniques used are descriptive. The results showed that, especially in the Cipeles river, Citepok village could develop rafting tourism products. The unique attraction of the Cipeles river is that the river flow is in grade 2 rafting path and a line flanked by beautiful rock cliffs. Tourist facilities such as inns and restaurants are adequate. Additional services such as financial, security, health and rafting services are available around Citepok village.