The distribution of heavy metals and 137 Cs in the central part of the Polish maritime zone (Baltic Sea) – the area selected for wind farm acquisition

Poland is currently at the beginning of the energy transformation. Nowadays, most of the electricity generated in Poland comes from coal combustion. However, in accordance to the European Union policy of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, there are already plans to switch to low-emission energy sources in Poland, one of which are offshore wind farms. The article presents the current regulatory environment of the offshore wind energy in Poland, along with a reference to Polish and European decarbonisation plans. In the further part of the article, the methods of determining the kinetic energy of wind and the power curve of a wind turbine are discussed. Then, on the basis of historical data of wind speeds collected in the area of the Baltic Sea, calculations are carried out leading to obtain statistical distributions of power that could be generated by an exemplary wind farm with a power capacity of 400 MW, located at the place of wind measurements. On their basis, statistical differences in the wind power generation between years, months of the year and hours of the day are analysed.

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Heavy metals in Macoma balthica and extractable metals in sediments from the southern Baltic Sea

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 152-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Edyta Hendożko ◽

Piotr Szefer ◽

Jan Warzocha

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Macoma Balthica ◽

Southern Baltic Sea ◽

Extractable Metals ◽

Southern Baltic

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Heavy metals contamination of the sediments of the south-eastern Baltic Sea: the impact of economic development

Baltica ◽

10.5200/baltica.2019.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Alexander Krek ◽

Aleksandr Danchenkov ◽

Marina Ulyanova ◽

Darya Ryabchuk

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Metal Concentration ◽

Bottom Sediments ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

South Eastern ◽

Heavy Metals Contamination ◽

The Impact ◽

Eastern Baltic

The scope of the study was to assess the impact of potential sources of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cr on bottom sediments of the Russian sector of the south-eastern Baltic Sea. A total of 68 samples were taken and analyzed for grain-size (laser diffraction and sieve method) and heavy metal concentration (atomic absorption spectroscopy method). To avoid the influence of the sorption capacity of the fine-grained sediments to accumulate the pollutants, the normalization of the heavy metal concentration to Fe was applied. The environmental indices (contamination factor and modified degree of contamination) were calculated. The research has shown the contribution of oil platform, pipelines, ports and wastewater treatment facilities on the geochemical composition of bottom sediments. The authors have identified the level of heavy metals contamination of the middle parts of the Curonian and Vistula spits as a result of alongshore transport of pollutants.

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