Regulatory aspects and electricity production analysis of an offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Anna Sobotka ◽  
Marcin Rowicki ◽  
Krzysztof Badyda ◽  
Piotr Sobotka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Production Analysis ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals A sensitivity study of the WRF model in offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 101229
Author(s):  
Huidong Li ◽  
Björn Claremar ◽  
Lichuan Wu ◽  
Christoffer Hallgren ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Modeling ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Analysis of offshore wind farm located on Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Anna Sobotka ◽  
Kajetan Chmielewski ◽  
Marcin Rowicki ◽  
Justyna Dudzińska ◽  
Przemysław Janiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
The Baltic

Poland is currently at the beginning of the energy transformation. Nowadays, most of the electricity generated in Poland comes from coal combustion. However, in accordance to the European Union policy of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, there are already plans to switch to low-emission energy sources in Poland, one of which are offshore wind farms. The article presents the current regulatory environment of the offshore wind energy in Poland, along with a reference to Polish and European decarbonisation plans. In the further part of the article, the methods of determining the kinetic energy of wind and the power curve of a wind turbine are discussed. Then, on the basis of historical data of wind speeds collected in the area of the Baltic Sea, calculations are carried out leading to obtain statistical distributions of power that could be generated by an exemplary wind farm with a power capacity of 400 MW, located at the place of wind measurements. On their basis, statistical differences in the wind power generation between years, months of the year and hours of the day are analysed.

scholarly journals A supra-national TSO to enhance offshore wind power development in the Baltic Sea? A legal and regulatory analysis

Energy Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanerva Sunila ◽  
Claire Bergaentzlé ◽  
Bénédicte Martin ◽  
Ari Ekroos
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Power Development ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Regulatory Analysis ◽  
Wind Power Development

scholarly journals Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Christoffer Hallgren ◽  
Johan Arnqvist ◽  
Stefan Ivanell ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
Ville Vakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Level Jets ◽  
The Baltic

With an increasing interest in offshore wind energy, focus has been directed towards large semi-enclosed basins such as the Baltic Sea as potential sites to set up wind turbines. The meteorology of this inland sea in particular is strongly affected by the surrounding land, creating mesoscale conditions that are important to take into consideration when planning for new wind farms. This paper presents a comparison between data from four state-of-the-art reanalyses (MERRA2, ERA5, UERRA, NEWA) and observations from LiDAR. The comparison is made for four sites in the Baltic Sea with wind profiles up to 300 m. The findings provide insight into the accuracy of reanalyses for wind resource assessment. In general, the reanalyses underestimate the average wind speed. The average shear is too low in NEWA, while ERA5 and UERRA predominantly overestimate the shear. MERRA2 suffers from insufficient vertical resolution, which limits its usefulness in evaluating the wind profile. It is also shown that low-level jets, a very frequent mesoscale phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during late spring, can appear in a wide range of wind speeds. The observed frequency of low-level jets is best captured by UERRA. In terms of general wind characteristics, ERA5, UERRA, and NEWA are similar, and the best choice depends on the application.

scholarly journals Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Development—Poland’s Public Policy Tools Analysis and the Geostrategic Implications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4883
Author(s):  
Kamila Pronińska ◽  
Krzysztof Księżopolski
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
The Baltic

A key question for European energy transition is which forms of renewable energy technologies will play a central role in this process. The recent dynamic growth in offshore wind power together with the vast wind energy potential of the European seas, including the Baltic Sea, make this technology an increasingly attractive and viable option. Considering the high installation and connection costs, government support is considered essential for the development of offshore wind power. The aim of this article is to analyze Poland’s public policy tools, which govern offshore wind farm development, and to present them from a wider geostrategic perspective. Authors identify, classify, and evaluate individual public policy tools with the use of multi-criteria and multi-dimensional methods while explaining their impact on offshore wind development in Poland. The analysis of the individual tools has shown that the currently applied tools give a high probability of achieving public policy objectives. The characteristics of the applied tools prove that vital decisions on offshore wind energy have been made concerning the need for decarbonization but also regarding wider geostrategic calculations. Given the changing security dynamics in the Baltic Sea region, we highlight potential geostrategic risks to the implementation of offshore wind projects.

scholarly journals The smoother the better? A comparison of six post-processing methods to improve short-term offshore wind power forecasts in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1226
Author(s):  
Christoffer Hallgren ◽  
Stefan Ivanell ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
Ville Vakkari ◽  
Erik Sahlée
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Forecast Quality

Abstract. With a rapidly increasing capacity of electricity generation from wind power, the demand for accurate power production forecasts is growing. To date, most wind power installations have been onshore and thus most studies on production forecasts have focused on onshore conditions. However, as offshore wind power is becoming increasingly popular it is also important to assess forecast quality in offshore locations. In this study, forecasts from the high-resolution numerical weather prediction model AROME was used to analyze power production forecast performance for an offshore site in the Baltic Sea. To improve the AROME forecasts, six post-processing methods were investigated and their individual performance analyzed in general as well as for different wind speed ranges, boundary layer stratifications, synoptic situations and in low-level jet conditions. In general, AROME performed well in forecasting the power production, but applying smoothing or using a random forest algorithm increased forecast skill. Smoothing the forecast improved the performance at all wind speeds, all stratifications and for all synoptic weather classes, and the random forest method increased the forecast skill during low-level jets. To achieve the best performance, we recommend selecting which method to use based on the forecasted weather conditions. Combining forecasts from neighboring grid points, combining the recent forecast with the forecast from yesterday or applying linear regression to correct the forecast based on earlier performance were not fruitful methods to increase the overall forecast quality.

scholarly journals Pathways to bring the costs down of floating offshore wind farms in the Atlantic Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Cartelle-Barros ◽  
David Cordal-Iglesias ◽  
Eugenio Baita-Saavedra ◽  
Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
Bernardino Couñago-Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Atlantic Area

Abstract. Every nations' development lies on the electricity production, since it facilitates life and development of their society (heating, lighting, etc.). Nevertheless, conventional power plants, which use fossil fuels, cause environmental impacts, such as global warming, acidification, eutrophication, among many others. In addition, these conventional resources generate a dependence of external providers, which obstructs the progress of the developing countries. Renewable energies came to solve part of these problems. In this context, wind energy is one the technologies with more expansion all over the world. Offshore locations have a better wind resource than onshore ones and their exploitation is lower. The objective of this work is to present a holistic approach to assess the feasibility of a floating offshore wind farms in a life cycle perspective. The methodology proposed analyses the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return, the Payback Period and the Levelized Cost of Energy of the farm. The case study is built based on a disruptive floating spar-type platform called TELWIND®, to be implemented in the Atlantic Area region. Results indicate how important these parameters are in economic terms and shows the pathways to reduce the costs of this type of infrastructures Furthermore, the methodology proposed allows the selection of the best region where a floating offshore wind farm can be installed. Finally, this study can be useful for Governments and relevant authorities to determine the best location of a floating offshore wind farm and develop the roadmap of offshore wind in their country.

scholarly journals Offshore Wind Energy and the Romanian Energy Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Florin Onea ◽  
Liliana Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Two Sectors

The aim of the present work is to assess the electricity production coming from an offshore wind farm that may operate in the northern part of the Romanian coastal area. In the first part, a complete description of the Romanian energy sector is presented considering the t ime interval from January 2008 to December 2018. In general, the elect ricity sold is negat ive (exports exceed imports), with the ment ion that a significant cont ribution comes from hydroelect ric and coal generat ion. It is important to ment ion that , if one of these two sectors willno longer perform on full capacity, the elect ricity balance will be shifted to the elect ricity imports. As for the wind energy, the average values from the vicinity of Sulina site may vary between 5.6 m/s and 8 m/s depending on the season, these results being reported at a wind turbine level (80 m). By using an offshore win d farm which replicates the Greater Gabbard project (504 MW), England, was possible to est imate the annual energy product ion and to indicate the expected impact on the energy sector. For example, a single wind farm may cover 1.7% of the total production, which may be further associated with 9.6% from nuclear, 7.6% from hydroelect ric or 6.4% from coal, respectively.

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