Comparative study of the prevalence of the human papilloma virus in Spanish and foreign women participating in a population screening programme in Castilla y León

Background: Penile cancer prevalence is higher in the developing countries like Africa, Asia and South America as compared to western countries. HPV (human papilloma virus) DNA is detectable in about 50% of all penile cancer in India. The aim of the study was to compare tumour depth, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion and other high risk features in HPV positive penile cancer patients to HPV negative penile cancer patients.Methods: This prospective, comparative study was done at Mahavir cancer sansthan a tertiary cancer centre in Patna (India). Biopsy proven cases of HPV positive and HPV negative penile cancer were compared for histological parameters and disease free survival. Statistical analysis was performed using NCSS 12 version 12.0.5 software. Kaplan- Meir survival analysis was done for disease free survival.Results: On bivariate analysis, factors associated with HPV positivity were histological subtype (p=0.00001), grade of tumour (p=0.00698), depth of invasion (p=0.00001) and P16 status (p=0.00001). Depth of invasion (p=0.0499) and P16 status (p=0.00001) were the only independent factors associated with HPV status on multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in 2 year disease free survival between the two groups, 91.57% vs 87.95% (p=0.4166 ).Conclusions: Large proportion of penile cancer is associated with HPV in India. HPV associated penile cancer are highly invasive with predominant warty–basaloid histology. P16 immunostaining is strongly associated with HPV tumour. There is no survival advantage in HPV associated penile cancer as compared to HPV negative penile cancer.

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Technological advances: Have they improved standards? Review of outcomes from the Welsh cervical screening programme

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141320918270 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096914132091827

Author(s):

Alejandra Castanon

Keyword(s):

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

New Technologies ◽

Screening Programme ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Performance Standards ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Virus Testing

Objectives Introduction of new technologies into cervical screening programmes has allowed more efficient programmes with less resources. We present an overview of screening technologies introduced into the Cervical Screening Wales programme and their evolution over time. Methods Data from the programme’s statistical report were used to evaluate its performance over a 17-year period between 2001/02 and 2017/18. Results The introduction of liquid-based cytology has had a substantial impact on reducing inadequate sample rates and on increasing the positive predictive value of cytology. Inadequate rates have increased following the implementation of human papilloma virus testing as a triage test for cytology. Further knock-on effects on standard reporting ranges are expected following the introduction of human papilloma virus testing as the primary screening test. New performance standards have been introduced to better reflect the performance of the programme at a time when disease prevalence is expected to fall as women vaccinated against human papilloma virus reach screening age. Conclusions Improvements to this cervical cancer screening programme as illustrated through performance indicator ranges suggest a major role played by technology.

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