Direct conversion of natural gas into COx-free hydrogen and MWCNTs over commercial Ni–Mo/Al2O3 catalyst: Effect of reaction parameters

Chemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol has the potential to address two relevant sustainability issues: economically feasible replacement of fossil raw materials and avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions. However, chemical stability of CO2 is a challenging impediment to conversion, requiring harsh reaction conditions at the expense of increased energy input, adding capital, operational and environmental costs. This work evaluates two innovative chemical conversion of CO2 to methanol: the indirect conversion, which uses synthesis gas produced by bi-reforming as intermediate, and the direct conversion, via hydrogenation. Process simulations are used to obtain mass and energy balances, needed to support economic analyses. Due to the uncertainties in the raw material prices, including CO2 and hydrogen (H2), its limits for economic viability are estimated and sensitivity analyzes are carried in predetermined prices (base cases). It is considered the scenario of free CO2 available in atmospheric conditions, as in a bioethanol industry, but the sensitivity analyses show the results for other scenarios, as in a CO2 rich natural gas, in which the cost of processing CO2 is zero. The economic analyses show that hydrogenation can be feasible if hydrogen prices are lower than 1000 US$/t, while the indirect route is viable only for cheap sources of natural gas below 3.7 US$/MMBtu. The CO2 pre-treatment costs are not as sensible as the others raw materials.

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Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid Over PtSn/Al2O3 Catalyst: Effect of Shaping Method, Kinetics and Stability

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2015.17635 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1293-1298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ke Zhang ◽

Haitao Zhang ◽

Hongfang Ma ◽

Weiyong Ying ◽

Dingye Fang

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Catalyst Effect ◽

Al2o3 Catalyst

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Direct Convertion Of Methane To Liquid Hydrocarbons Using HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst Loaded With Metal

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.7.1.7-12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

D. D. Anggoro

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Single Step ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Conversion Of Methane ◽

Main Component

Methane is the main component of natural gas and this research provides the platrorm on the potential of utilizing natural gas, found abundant in Indonesia, to form gasoline. The objectives of the research are to modify HZSM-5 zeolite with a series of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pt) and Ga , and to evaluate the performances of these catalyst for the single step conversion of methane to gasoline. The oxidation of methane were carried out in a micro-packed bed reactor at atmoepheric pressure, temperature 800 0C, F/W = 10440 ml/g.hr and 9%vol O2. Metals were loaded into the HZSM-5 zeolite by the wetness incipient impregnation method. The characterization results indicated that the ionic metals (Mn+) occupy the H+ position of HZSM-5 and metal loaded HZSM-5. Ni- HZSM-5, Cu- HZSM-5 and Ga- HZSM-5 gave a high methane conversion and high gasoline selectivity. Among the catalyst samles tested, Cr- HZSM-5 showed the highest Research Octane Number (RON=86). These catalyst have the potential to convert natural gas to C5+ liquid hydrocarbons provided the oxidation, dehydration and oligomerization function of the metals are in balance.Keywords : direct conversion, methane, liquid hydrocarbons, metal, HZSM-5

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