Modeling analysis of urea direct injection on the NO x emission reduction of biodiesel fueled diesel engines

Market globalization necessitates the development of heavy duty diesel engines that can operate at altitudes up to 5000 m without significant performance deterioration. But the current scenario is that existing studies on high altitude effects are still not sufficient or detailed enough to take effective measures. This study applied a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with simulated boosting pressure to investigate the performance degradation at high altitude, with the aim of adding more knowledge to the literature. Such a research engine was conducted at constant speed and injection strategy but different ambient conditions from sea level to 5000 m in altitude. The results indicated the effects of altitude on engine combustion and performance can be summarized as two aspects. First comes the extended ignition delay at high altitude, which would raise the rate of pressure rise to a point that can exceed the maximum allowable limit and therefore shorten the engine lifespan. The other disadvantage of high-altitude operation is the reduced excess air ratio and gas density inside cylinder. Worsened spray formation and mixture preparation, together with insufficient and late oxidation, would result in reduced engine efficiency, increased emissions, and power loss. The combustion and performance deteriorations were noticeable when the engine was operated above 4000 m in altitude. All these findings support the need for further fundamental investigations of in-cylinder activities of diesel engines working at plateau regions.

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Experimental facility and methodology for systematic studies of cold startability in direct injection Diesel engines

Measurement Science and Technology ◽

10.1088/0957-0233/20/9/095109 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 095109 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J V Pastor ◽

J M García-Oliver ◽

J M Pastor ◽

J G Ramírez-Hernández

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Experimental Facility

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The Development of 1.0 Liter and 1.4 Liter Three-Cylinder Direct-Injection Diesel Engines for Industrial Use

10.4271/891779 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Manabu Furubayashi ◽

Eiichi Teramoto ◽

Saburo Kase ◽

Isao Konagaya ◽

Kenichi Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Industrial Use

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Investigations of fuel injection strategy for cold starting direct-injection diesel engines

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/09544070jauto473 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 221 (11) ◽

pp. 1415-1424 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

N Brown ◽

V Gupta ◽

A La Rocca ◽

P J Shayler ◽

M Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Injection Strategy ◽

Cold Starting

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Insights on postinjection-associated soot emissions in direct injection diesel engines

Combustion and Flame ◽

10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.04.021 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 448-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Jean Arrègle ◽

José V. Pastor ◽

J. Javier López ◽

Antonio García

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Soot Emissions

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Potential of Narrow Angle Direct Injection Diesel Engines for Clean Combustion: 3D CFD Analysis

10.4271/2006-01-1365 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Benjamin Reveille ◽

Andreas Kleemann ◽

Vincent Knop ◽

Chawki Habchi

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Cfd Analysis ◽

Narrow Angle ◽

Clean Combustion

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Effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection diesel engines

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/095440705x6695 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 219 (4) ◽

pp. 565-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M M Roy

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Ignition Delay ◽

Boiling Point ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Mixture Formation ◽

Incomplete Combustion

This study investigated the effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The prospect of these alternative fuels to reduce wall adherence and overleaning, major sources of incomplete combustion, as well as odorous emissions has been investigated. The n-heptane was tested as a low boiling point fuel that can improve evaporation as well as wall adherence. However, the odour is a little worse with n-heptane and blends than that of diesel fuel due to overleaning of the mixture. Also, formaldehyde (HCHO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) in the exhaust increase with increasing n-heptane content. The n-decane was tested as a fuel with a high cetane number that can improve ignition delay, which has a direct effect on wall adherence and overleaning. However, with n-decane and blends, the odour rating is about 0.5-1 point lower than for diesel fuel. Moreover, the aldehydes and THC are significantly reduced. This is due to less wall adherence and proper mixture formation.

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