scholarly journals Experimental characterization of an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for power and CHP (combined heat and power) applications from low grade heat sources

Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Peris ◽  
Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ◽  
Francisco Molés ◽  
Manuel González ◽  
Adrián Mota-Babiloni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Meanline Analysis and CFD Study of a Radial Inflow Turbine With Vaneless Distributor for Low Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deligant ◽  
S. Braccio ◽  
T. Capurso ◽  
F. Fornarelli ◽  
M. Torresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Abstract The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) allows the conversion of low-grade heat sources into electricity. Although this technology is not new, the increase in energy demand and the need to reduce CO2 emissions create new opportunities to harvest low grade heat sources such as waste heat. Radial turbines have a simple construction, they are robust and they are not very sensitive to geometry inaccuracies. Most of the radial inflow turbines used for ORC application feature a vaned nozzle ensuring the appropriate distribution angle at the rotor inlet. In this work, no nozzle is considered but only the vaneless gap (distributor). This configuration, without any vaned nozzle, is supposed to be more flexible under varying operating conditions with respect to fixed vanes and to maintain a good efficiency at off-design. This paper presents a performance analysis carried out by means of two approaches: a combination of meanline loss models enhanced with real gas fluid properties and 3D CFD computations, taking into account the entire turbomachine including the scroll housing, the vaneless gap, the turbine wheel and the axial discharge pipe. A detailed analysis of the flow field through the turbomachine is carried out, both under design and off design conditions, with a particular focus on the entropy field in order to evaluate the loss distribution between the scroll housing, the vaneless gap and the turbine wheel.

Cost Effective Small Scale ORC Systems for Power Recovery From Low Grade Heat Sources

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leibowitz ◽  
I. K. Smith ◽  
N. Stosic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Capacity Cost ◽  
Power Recovery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

The growing need to recover power from low grade heat sources, has led to a review of the possibilities for producing systems for cost effective power production at outputs as little as 20-50kWe. It is shown that by utilizing the full potential of screw expanders instead of turbines, it is possible to produce Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems at these outputs, which can be installed for a cost in the range of $1500 to $2000 /kWe of net output. This low capacity cost combined with the ORC's fuel-free specification results in a very favorable value proposition.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic investigation of organic Rankine cycle energy recovery system and recent studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2679-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Boydak ◽  
Ismail Ekmekci ◽  
Mustafa Yilmaz ◽  
Hasan Koten
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy resources valid to power generation. Accordingly, low-grade heat sources as solar heat, geothermal energy, and waste heat, which have available temperatures ranging between 60 and 200?C, are supposed as applicants for recent new generation energy resources. As an alternative energy source, such low-grade heat sources usage generating electricity with the help of power turbine cycles was examined through this study. Such systems have existing technologies applicable at low temperatures and a compact structure at low cost, however, these systems have a low thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycles operated at low temperatures. An organic Rankine cycle is alike to a conventional steam power plant, except the working fluid, which is an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, at a lower temperature than the water-steam phase change. The efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle is about between 10% and 20%, depending on temperature levels and availability of a valid fluid.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Peris ◽  
Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ◽  
Francisco Molés ◽  
Roberto Collado ◽  
Adrián Mota-Babiloni
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Investigations on experimental performance and system behavior of 10 kW organic Rankine cycle using scroll-type expander for low-grade heat source

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Lin ◽  
Pei-Pei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Ling He ◽  
Yong Shuai ◽  
Tzu-Chen Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Low Temperature Heat Recovery Through Integration of Organic Rankine Cycle and CO2 Removal Systems in a NGCC

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tola ◽  
Matthias Finkenrath
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plants utilizing fossil fuels is expected to become substantially more important in the near- to medium-term due to increasing costs associated to national and international greenhouse gas regulations, such as the Kyoto protocol and the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. However, since net efficiency penalties caused by capturing CO2 emissions from power plants are significant, measures to reduce or recover efficiency losses are of substantial interest. For a state-of-the-art 400 MW natural gas-fueled combined cycle (NGCC) power plant, post-combustion CO2 removal based on chemical solvents like amines is expected to reduce the net plant efficiency in the order of 9–12 percentage points at 90% overall CO2 capture. A first step that has been proposed earlier to improve the capture efficiency and reduce capture equipment costs for NGCC is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). An alternative or complementary approach to increase the overall plant efficiency could be the recovery of available low temperature heat from the solvent-based CO2 removal systems and related process equipment. Low temperature heat is available in substantial quantities in flue gas coolers that are required upstream of the CO2 capture unit, and that are used for exhaust gas recirculation, if applied. Typical temperature levels are in the order of 80°C or up to 100 °C on the hot end. Additional low-grade heat sources are the amine condenser which operates at around 100–130 °C and the amine reboiler water cooling that could reach temperatures of up to 130–140°C. The thermal energy of these various sources could be utilized in a variety of low-temperature heat recovery systems. This paper evaluates heat recovery by means of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) that — in contrast to traditional steam Rankine cycles — is able to convert heat into electricity efficiently even at comparably low temperatures. By producing additional electrical power in the heat recovery system, the global performance of the power plant can be further improved. This study indicates a theoretical entitlement of up to additional 1–1.5 percentage points in efficiency that could be gained by integrating ORC technology with a post-combustion capture system for natural gas combined cycles. The analysis is based on fundamental thermodynamic analyses and does not include an engineering- or component-level design and feasibility analysis. Different ORC configurations have been considered for thermal energy recovery at varying temperature levels from the above-mentioned sources. The study focuses on simultaneous low-grade heat recovery in a single ORC loop. Heat recovery options that are discussed include in series, in parallel or cascaded arrangements of heat exchangers. Different organic operating fluids, including carbon dioxide, R245fa, and N-butane were considered for the analysis. The ORC performance was evaluated for the most promising organic working fluid by a parametric study. Optimum cycle operating temperatures and pressures were identified in order to evaluate the most efficient approach for low temperature heat recovery.

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