Cost Effective Small Scale ORC Systems for Power Recovery From Low Grade Heat Sources

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leibowitz ◽  
I. K. Smith ◽  
N. Stosic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Capacity Cost ◽  
Power Recovery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

The growing need to recover power from low grade heat sources, has led to a review of the possibilities for producing systems for cost effective power production at outputs as little as 20-50kWe. It is shown that by utilizing the full potential of screw expanders instead of turbines, it is possible to produce Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems at these outputs, which can be installed for a cost in the range of $1500 to $2000 /kWe of net output. This low capacity cost combined with the ORC's fuel-free specification results in a very favorable value proposition.

Meanline Analysis and CFD Study of a Radial Inflow Turbine With Vaneless Distributor for Low Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deligant ◽  
S. Braccio ◽  
T. Capurso ◽  
F. Fornarelli ◽  
M. Torresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Abstract The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) allows the conversion of low-grade heat sources into electricity. Although this technology is not new, the increase in energy demand and the need to reduce CO2 emissions create new opportunities to harvest low grade heat sources such as waste heat. Radial turbines have a simple construction, they are robust and they are not very sensitive to geometry inaccuracies. Most of the radial inflow turbines used for ORC application feature a vaned nozzle ensuring the appropriate distribution angle at the rotor inlet. In this work, no nozzle is considered but only the vaneless gap (distributor). This configuration, without any vaned nozzle, is supposed to be more flexible under varying operating conditions with respect to fixed vanes and to maintain a good efficiency at off-design. This paper presents a performance analysis carried out by means of two approaches: a combination of meanline loss models enhanced with real gas fluid properties and 3D CFD computations, taking into account the entire turbomachine including the scroll housing, the vaneless gap, the turbine wheel and the axial discharge pipe. A detailed analysis of the flow field through the turbomachine is carried out, both under design and off design conditions, with a particular focus on the entropy field in order to evaluate the loss distribution between the scroll housing, the vaneless gap and the turbine wheel.

scholarly journals Experimental characterization of an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for power and CHP (combined heat and power) applications from low grade heat sources

Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Peris ◽  
Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ◽  
Francisco Molés ◽  
Manuel González ◽  
Adrián Mota-Babiloni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Low Grade Heat

scholarly journals Prospects of Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) for Power Generation from Low Grade Heat Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Md Arbab ◽  
Rana Sohel ◽  
Ahmadi Mahdi ◽  
Close Thomas ◽  
Date Abhijit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Despite the current energy crisis, a large amount of low grade heat (below 100oC) is being wasted for the lack of cost effective energy conversion technology. In the case of the conventional Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based geothermal power stations, only about 20% of available heat can be utilised due to a technological limitation as there is a phase change in the working fluid involved during the addition of heat which decreases utilisation effectiveness of the system. Therefore, in this paper, a trilateral flash cycle (TFC) based system has been studied to find out its prospect for utilizing more power from the same heat resources as the ORC. The TFC is a thermodynamic cycle that heats the working fluid as a saturated liquid from which it starts its expansion stage. The flash expansion is achieved by feeding the saturated high-pressured liquid working fluid through a convergent-divergent nozzle at which point it undergoes a flash expansion in the low-pressure environment of the generator housing. The momentum of the working fluid is extracted via a Pelton wheel and the cycle is completed with working fluid condensation and pressurisation. The analytical comparative study between the ORC and TFC based system shows that the TFC has about 50% more power generation capability and almost zero contribution on global warming.

Small scale Organic Rankine Cycle testing for low grade heat recovery by using refrigerants as working fluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Emanuele Fanelli ◽  
Simone Braccio ◽  
Giuseppe Pinto ◽  
Giacinto Cornacchia ◽  
Giacobbe Braccio
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Low Grade Heat

scholarly journals Thermodynamic investigation of organic Rankine cycle energy recovery system and recent studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2679-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Boydak ◽  
Ismail Ekmekci ◽  
Mustafa Yilmaz ◽  
Hasan Koten
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy resources valid to power generation. Accordingly, low-grade heat sources as solar heat, geothermal energy, and waste heat, which have available temperatures ranging between 60 and 200?C, are supposed as applicants for recent new generation energy resources. As an alternative energy source, such low-grade heat sources usage generating electricity with the help of power turbine cycles was examined through this study. Such systems have existing technologies applicable at low temperatures and a compact structure at low cost, however, these systems have a low thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycles operated at low temperatures. An organic Rankine cycle is alike to a conventional steam power plant, except the working fluid, which is an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, at a lower temperature than the water-steam phase change. The efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle is about between 10% and 20%, depending on temperature levels and availability of a valid fluid.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Use of Low Temperature Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Engine in an Autonomous Polygeneration Microgrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10475
Author(s):  
George Kyriakarakos ◽  
Erika Ntavou ◽  
Dimitris Manolakos
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
The World

Low-enthalpy geothermal resources (<150 °C) can be used for electricity generation and are widespread around the world, occurring at shallow depths. At the same time, in many parts of the world, there are existing low-enthalpy geothermal wells that are used for a multitude of applications such as for buildings’ heating and agriculture-related applications. The dominant technology to convert low-grade heat (<150 °C) to electricity is the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The autonomous polygeneration microgrid (APM) concept aims to holistically meet in a sustainable way the needs of an off-grid community in terms of electrical loads, space heating and cooling, potable water production through desalination, and the use of hydrogen as fuel for transportation, in the most cost-effective manner possible. Photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines have been investigated extensively, since PVs can be installed practically anywhere in the world and wind turbines in areas with sufficient wind potential. The aim of this paper is to investigate techno-economically the potential of utilizing low-enthalpy geothermal resources in small-scale APMs through an ORC engine to fully satisfy the needs of small settlements. In order to accomplish this task with confidence, a case study for the Greek island of Milos has been developed and a typical settlement has been considered. It is worth mentioning that experimental results from a realized low-power (<10 kWe) ORC engine manufactured to operate at temperatures up to 140 °C are used to add reliability in the calculations. In order to meet the needs of the people, four different APMs based on PVs, wind turbines, and geothermal ORC of different but appropriate configurations were designed and sized through optimization. The optimization process was based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). The comparative examination of the results shows that the use of a low-power, low-temperature ORC engine in an APM is technically feasible; more cost effective than the configurations based on PVs, wind turbines, or combination of both; and has increased environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Peris ◽  
Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ◽  
Francisco Molés ◽  
Roberto Collado ◽  
Adrián Mota-Babiloni
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 1: Fundamental Considerations

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
World Market ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Power Recovery

The world market for systems for power recovery from low-grade heat sources is of the order of £1 billion per annum. Many of these sources are hot liquids or gases from which conventional power systems convert less than 2.5 per cent of the available heat into useful power when the fluid is initially at a temperature of 100° C rising to 8–9 per cent at an initial temperature of 200°C. Consideration of the maximum work recoverable from such single-phase heat sources leads to the concept of an ideal trilateral cycle as the optimum means of power recovery. The trilateral flash cycle (TFC) system is one means of approaching this ideal which involves liquid heating only and two-phase expansion of vapour. Previous work related to this is reviewed and details of analytical studies are given which compare such a system with various types of simple Rankine cycle. It is shown that provided two-phase expanders can be made to attain adiabatic efficiencies of more than 75 per cent, the TFC system can produce outputs of up to 80 per cent more than simple Rankine cycle systems in the recovery of power from hot liquid streams in the 100–200°C temperature range. The estimated cost per unit net output is approximately equal to that of Rankine cycle systems. The preferred working fluids for TFC power plants are light hydrocarbons.

1-D Model Analysis of Tesla Turbine for Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Chun-wei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
D Model

Energy shortage and environmental deterioration are two crucial issues that the developing world has to face. In order to solve these problems, conversion of low grade energy is attracting broad attention. Among all of the existing technologies, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven to be one of the most effective methods for the utilization of low grade heat sources. Turbine is a key component in ORC system and it plays an important role in system performance. Traditional turbine expanders, the axial flow turbine and the radial inflow turbine are typically selected in large scale ORC systems. However, in small and micro scale systems, traditional turbine expanders are not suitable due to large flow loss and high rotation speed. In this case, Tesla turbine allows a low-cost and reliable design for the organic expander that could be an attractive option for small scale ORC systems. A 1-D model of Tesla turbine is presented in this paper, which mainly focuses on the flow characteristics and the momentum transfer. This study improves the 1-D model, taking the nozzle limit expansion ratio into consideration, which is related to the installation angle of the nozzle and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. The improved model is used to analyze Tesla turbine performance and predict turbine efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis is conducted for a small scale ORC system. The simulation results reveal that the ORC system can generate a considerable net power output. Therefore, Tesla turbine can be regarded as a potential choice to be applied in small scale ORC systems.

Investigations on experimental performance and system behavior of 10 kW organic Rankine cycle using scroll-type expander for low-grade heat source

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Lin ◽  
Pei-Pei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Ling He ◽  
Yong Shuai ◽  
Tzu-Chen Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Low Grade Heat
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