New technique for self-centering shear keys in highway bridges

2022 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 113395
Author(s):  
José Wilches ◽  
Roberto Leon ◽  
Hernán Santa María ◽  
Claudio Fernández ◽  
José I. Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Shear Keys

Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302098801
Author(s):  
José Wilches ◽  
Hernán Santa Maria ◽  
Roberto Leon ◽  
Rafael Riddell ◽  
Matías Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Residual Displacements ◽  
Shear Keys ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

Chile, as a country with a long history of strong seismicity, has a record of both a constant upgrading of its seismic design codes and structural systems, particularly for bridges, as a result of major earthquakes. Recent earthquakes in Chile have produced extensive damage to highway bridges, such as deck collapses, large transverse residual displacements, yielding and failure of shear keys, and unseating of the main girders, demonstrating that bridges are highly vulnerable structures. Much of this damage can be attributed to construction problems and poor detailing guidelines in design codes. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, new structural design criteria were incorporated for the seismic design of bridges in Chile. The most significant change was that a site coefficient was included for the estimation of the seismic design forces in the shear keys, seismic bars, and diaphragms. This article first traces the historical development of earthquakes and construction systems in Chile to provide a context for the evolution of Chilean seismic codes. It then describes the seismic performance of highway bridges during the 2010 Maule earthquake, including the description of the main failure modes observed in bridges. Finally, this article provides a comparison of the Chilean bridge seismic code against the Japanese and United States codes, considering that these codes have a great influence on the seismic codes for Chilean bridges. The article demonstrates that bridge design and construction practices in Chile have evolved substantially in their requirements for the analysis and design of structural elements, such as in the definition of the seismic hazard to be considered, tending toward more conservative approaches in an effort to improve structural performance and reliability for Chilean bridges.

Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete sacrificial exterior shear keys of highway bridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Yulong Zhou ◽  
Yuchen Ou ◽  
Xiuli Du
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Shear Keys

Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Exterior Shear Keys of Highway Bridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 04016119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Yu-Long Zhou ◽  
Zi-Lan Zhong ◽  
Xiu-Li Du
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Shear Keys

Influence of the use of external shear keys on the seismic behavior of Chilean highway bridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Jesús Wilches Están ◽  
Hernán Santa María ◽  
Rafael Riddell ◽  
Carlos Arrate
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Shear Keys

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Unbonded Laminated Elastomeric Bearings and the Seismic Evaluations of Highway Bridges with Tested Bearing Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Kehai Wang ◽  
Guanya Lu ◽  
Panpan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Elastomeric Bearings ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Shear Keys

This paper presents an experimental program performed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of unbonded steel-reinforced laminated elastomeric bearings (U-SLEBs), which have been widely used for highway bridges in China. The influences on the friction behaviors, stiffness, and energy dissipations of the different parameters, such as compressive stresses, loading rates, and rubber material, were discussed. The responses of the U-SLEBs were compared with those of the bonded steel-reinforced laminated elastomeric bearings (B-SLEBs). Then, effective analytical models were developed, which considered the mechanical degradation of the U-SLEBs and simulated the realistic behaviors of the B-SLEBs. The seismic responses of a multispan continuous bridge with tested bearing components were also evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the U-SLEBs tended to degrade due to friction sliding. However, the degrees of the decrease were found to be dependent on the influencing parameters. Meanwhile, the B-SLEBs exhibited stiffening behaviors that led to tearing under large displacement demands. The bridges using U-SLEBs were found to suffer less damage due to the reliable sliding behavior of U-SLEBs. It is recommended that shear keys, which are reasonably designed in the transverse direction, be constructed in order to achieve better seismic performance.

Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Interior Shear Keys for Highway Bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-987
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Meng-Han Hu ◽  
Jia-Nian Wen ◽  
Xiu-Li Du
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Shear Keys

Seismic Performance of Interior Shear Keys of Highway Bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Meng-Han Hu ◽  
Yu-Long Zhou ◽  
Xiu-Li Du
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Shear Keys

Parametric Seismic Study on Concrete Shear Keys for Small to Medium-Span Highway Bridges

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nailiang Xiang ◽  
Jianzhong Li ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Shear Keys

Structural Performance of Bridges in the Offshore Maule Earthquake of 27 February 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 533-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Buckle ◽  
Matias Hube ◽  
Genda Chen ◽  
Wen-Huei Yen ◽  
Juan Arias
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Plane Rotation ◽  
Skewed Bridges ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Shear Keys ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Low Incidence

Of the nearly 12,000 highway bridges in Chile, approximately 300 were damaged in this earthquake, including 20 with collapsed spans. Typical failure modes include damage to connections between super- and substructures, unseating of spans in skewed bridges due to in-plane rotation, and unseated spans with some column damage due to permanent ground movement. Unusual failure modes include unseating of spans in straight bridges due to in-plane rotation, plate girder rupture due to longitudinal forces, scour and pier damage due to tsunami action, and collapse of a historic masonry bridge. The most common damage mode was the failure of super-to-substructure connections (shear keys, steel stoppers, and seismic bars), which is the most likely reason for the low incidence of column damage. Whereas the fuse-like behavior of these components is believed to have protected the columns, the lack of adequate seat widths led to the collapse, or imminent collapse, of many superstructures.

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