scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Unbonded Laminated Elastomeric Bearings and the Seismic Evaluations of Highway Bridges with Tested Bearing Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Kehai Wang ◽  
Guanya Lu ◽  
Panpan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Elastomeric Bearings ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Shear Keys

This paper presents an experimental program performed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of unbonded steel-reinforced laminated elastomeric bearings (U-SLEBs), which have been widely used for highway bridges in China. The influences on the friction behaviors, stiffness, and energy dissipations of the different parameters, such as compressive stresses, loading rates, and rubber material, were discussed. The responses of the U-SLEBs were compared with those of the bonded steel-reinforced laminated elastomeric bearings (B-SLEBs). Then, effective analytical models were developed, which considered the mechanical degradation of the U-SLEBs and simulated the realistic behaviors of the B-SLEBs. The seismic responses of a multispan continuous bridge with tested bearing components were also evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the U-SLEBs tended to degrade due to friction sliding. However, the degrees of the decrease were found to be dependent on the influencing parameters. Meanwhile, the B-SLEBs exhibited stiffening behaviors that led to tearing under large displacement demands. The bridges using U-SLEBs were found to suffer less damage due to the reliable sliding behavior of U-SLEBs. It is recommended that shear keys, which are reasonably designed in the transverse direction, be constructed in order to achieve better seismic performance.

Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302098801
Author(s):  
José Wilches ◽  
Hernán Santa Maria ◽  
Roberto Leon ◽  
Rafael Riddell ◽  
Matías Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Residual Displacements ◽  
Shear Keys ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

Chile, as a country with a long history of strong seismicity, has a record of both a constant upgrading of its seismic design codes and structural systems, particularly for bridges, as a result of major earthquakes. Recent earthquakes in Chile have produced extensive damage to highway bridges, such as deck collapses, large transverse residual displacements, yielding and failure of shear keys, and unseating of the main girders, demonstrating that bridges are highly vulnerable structures. Much of this damage can be attributed to construction problems and poor detailing guidelines in design codes. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, new structural design criteria were incorporated for the seismic design of bridges in Chile. The most significant change was that a site coefficient was included for the estimation of the seismic design forces in the shear keys, seismic bars, and diaphragms. This article first traces the historical development of earthquakes and construction systems in Chile to provide a context for the evolution of Chilean seismic codes. It then describes the seismic performance of highway bridges during the 2010 Maule earthquake, including the description of the main failure modes observed in bridges. Finally, this article provides a comparison of the Chilean bridge seismic code against the Japanese and United States codes, considering that these codes have a great influence on the seismic codes for Chilean bridges. The article demonstrates that bridge design and construction practices in Chile have evolved substantially in their requirements for the analysis and design of structural elements, such as in the definition of the seismic hazard to be considered, tending toward more conservative approaches in an effort to improve structural performance and reliability for Chilean bridges.

Ultimate capacity of barrier–deck anchorage in MTQ TL-5 barrier reinforced with headed-end, high-modulus, sand-coated GFRP bars

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rostami ◽  
Khaled Sennah ◽  
Hamdy M. Afefy
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Deck Slab

This paper presents an experimental program to justify the barrier design at the barrier–deck junction when compared to the factored applied transverse vehicular loading specified in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). Compared to the dimensioning and the glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar detailing of a recently crash-tested GFRP-reinforced barrier, the adopted barrier configurations in this paper were similar to those specified by Ministry of Transportation of Québec (MTQ) for TL-5 barrier except that the base of the barrier was 40 mm narrower and the deck slab is of 200 mm thickness, leading to reduction in the GFRP embedment depth into the deck slab. Four full-scale TL-5 barrier specimens were tested to collapse. Correlation between the experimental findings and the factored applied moments from CHBDC equivalent vehicle impact forces resulting from the finite-element modelling of the barrier–deck system was conducted followed by recommendations for use of the proposed design in highway bridges in Québec.

Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete sacrificial exterior shear keys of highway bridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Yulong Zhou ◽  
Yuchen Ou ◽  
Xiuli Du
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Shear Keys

Numerical and Experimental Assessment of the Highway Arch Viaduct

2015 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Jan Bencat ◽  
Maria Stehlikova ◽  
Milan Skarupa
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
And Performance

Full–scale dynamic testing of bridge structures can provide valuable information on the service behavior and performance of structures. With the growing interest in the structural condition of highway bridges, dynamic testing can be used as a tool for assessing the integrity of bridges. From the measured dynamic response, induced by instructed passing trucks, modal parameters (natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping values) and system parameters (stiffness, mass and damping matrices) are obtained. These identified parameters can then be used to characterize and monitor the service of the bridge structure in the future. Analytical models of the structure can also be validated using these parameters [1,2]. The paper presents a procedure for estimating the traffic load bearing capacity of the steel arch highway viaduct Bridge Structure 205 (DC1–9, 755 m) constructed on Highway D1 in Nord Slovakia (Fig. 1) over the natural hollow basin via dynamic tests of the viaduct structures.

Structural Performance of Bridges in the Tohoku-Oki Earthquake

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 315-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Ian Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Elastomeric Bearings ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
The North ◽  
Bridge Damage ◽  
Bridge Performance ◽  
Insight Into

Including minor nonstructural damage, over 1,500 highway bridges and numerous rail bridges were damaged during the Tohoku-oki earthquake of 11 March 2011. The causes of this damage can be broadly classified in two categories: ground shaking, including ground failure (liquefaction); and tsunami inundation. Damage included span unseating, column shear and flexural failures, approach fill erosion, liquefaction induced settlement, and failed steel and elastomeric bearings. Since many bridges in the north Miyagi-ken and south Iwate-ken suffered extensive damage during the 1978 Miyagi-ken-oki earthquake, bridge performance during the 2011 earthquake is of particular interest. Advances in design and retrofit may be assessed by looking at the performance of bridges designed to post-1990 codes and those retrofitted since the Kobe earthquake in 1995. In both categories, bridge damage due to ground shaking was minor, thus validating the provisions in the post-1990 codes and the Japan bridge retrofit program. Damage that did occur due to ground shaking was mainly to bridges not yet retrofitted or only partly so. Tsunami-related damage included complete loss of span and erosion of backfills. However, many bridges survived, despite being totally submerged, and their performance gives insight into the potential design of tsunami-resistant bridges.

scholarly journals Shear strength analysis of slabs without transverse reinforcement under concentrated loads according to ABNT NBR 6118:2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-693
Author(s):  
A. M. D. SOUSA ◽  
M. K. EL DEBS
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Concentrated Loads ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Small Areas

Abstract Concentrated loads in slabs without transverse reinforcement, usual in highway bridges, result in the horizontal spreading of the shear force towards the supports, situation in which not all the slab width contributes in the shear strength. Based on this, the analytical models of shear strength and punching capacity in slabs may not be suitable to deal with this loading. Since this topic is not widely discussed in the national technical literature, the paper aims to present contributions to these analyses with a focus on the accuracy level of the shear strength analytical models recommended by ABNT NBR 6118:2014. Therefore, the models available in the Brazilian code were applied to an experimental database with 118 test results and the results obtained by the Brazilian and European codes were compared. The results demonstrated that, as presented in the Brazilian code, shear strength model in one-way slabs can lead to unsafe resistance predictions while the punching capacity model can lead to very conservative predictions. From the analysis, it is concluded that considering the reduction of the shear force, in the case of loads distributed in small areas close to the support in slabs, and the use of more suitable procedures to define the effective width, it is possible to improve the level of accuracy of relations between experimental and theoretical values, but this still leads to high percentages of unsafe predictions of resistance (> 40%).

Response of Concrete Filled Carbon Sheet Tube Column under Axial and Lateral Loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hoon Lee ◽  
Hee Cheul Kim ◽  
Jae Hong Kim ◽  
Young Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Strain Characteristic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Sheet

Experimental tests have been conducted to investigate the performance of Concrete Filled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheet Tube (CFCST) columns. The main variables of this experimental program were the number and wrapping angles of CFRP sheets. In the first stage, stress versus strain characteristic of CFCST specimens was investigated by uni-axial tests. In the second stage, six full-scaled CFCST columns subjected to quasi-static lateral loading, as well as constant axial compression, were tested. The test results showed that the response of CFCST was seriously influenced by these two variables. This test results could be utilized for establishing the analytical models.

Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Exterior Shear Keys of Highway Bridges

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 04016119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Han ◽  
Yu-Long Zhou ◽  
Zi-Lan Zhong ◽  
Xiu-Li Du
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Shear Keys
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