Research on imbalance between supply and demand in China's natural gas market under the double-track price system

Energy Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 112380
Author(s):  
Jian Chai ◽  
Xiaokong Zhang ◽  
Quanying Lu ◽  
Xuejun Zhang ◽  
Yabo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price System ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Double Track

scholarly journals Impact of natural gas pricing policy for energy security and macroeconomic resilience: A literature review from global perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
M A C Putriastuti ◽  
M Hanita ◽  
P Yusgiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Market Dynamic ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Transformation

Abstract Indonesia’s government has targeted 24% of natural gas in the national energy mix by 2050. However, one of the main problems in Indonesia’s natural gas development is the price mechanism. Unlike many countries, Indonesia’s natural gas market, including its pricing, is still heavily regulated and subsidized by the government. The low natural gas price has damaged the investment climate and slowed the natural gas development in the country. An overview of the global natural gas market evolution, as well as a comprehensive analysis of natural gas market transformation from China and Malaysia, were presented in this paper. The wider gap between supply and demand of natural gas and the increase of the LNG market in Asia have pushed China and Malaysia to reform their natural gas market into a liberalized system. This provides an insight to examine Indonesia’s natural gas pricing policies. The highly regulated market often fails to provide the actual cost of supply, leads to underinvestment, and causes a natural gas shortage in a country. Natural gas pricing policy transformation is mandatory to ensure supply stability and keep up with the global natural gas market dynamic. The transformation should be implemented gradually to give natural gas producers and end-users enough time to adjust to the regulations. In the end, gas-to-gas competition should be set as the long-term goal to allow retail competition in Indonesia’s natural gas market.

scholarly journals Swing Suppliers and International Natural Gas Market Integration

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4661
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yeon-Yi Lim ◽  
Dae-Wook Kim ◽  
Man-Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Term Contract ◽  
Gas Market

This study explores the international natural gas market integration using the Engle–Granger cointegration and error correction model. Previous studies have suggested that liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil-linked pricing with a long-term contract have played key roles in gas market integration, especially between European and Asian markets. There is, however, little discussion of the role of the emergence of a swing supplier. A swing supplier, e.g., Qatar or Russia, is flexible to unexpected changes in supply and demand in both European and Asian markets and adapts the gas production/exports swiftly to meet the changes in the markets. Qatar has been a swing supplier since 2005 in the global natural gas market. In 2009, Qatar’s global LNG export share reached above 30% and has remained around 25% since then. Empirical results indirectly support that the emergence of a swing supplier may tighten market integration between Europe and Asia. The swing supplier may have accelerated the degree of market integration as well, particularly after 2009.

Natural Gas Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 647-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhes C. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market
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